<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-6236</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-6236</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-62362016000400323</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intercomparison of improved satellite rainfall estimation with CHIRPS gridded product and rain gauge data over Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñaloza-Murillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Asdrúbal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Llanos "Ezequiel Zamora" Departamento de Ingeniería Civil ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Carlos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Alagoas Instituto de Ciencias Atmosféricas Laboratório de Análise e Processamento de Imagens de Satélite]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maceió ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Física]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Agronomía Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracay ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>323</fpage>
<lpage>342</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-62362016000400323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-62362016000400323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-62362016000400323&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Satellite-dericed rainfall products are useful for both drought and environmental monitoring, and they also allow for tackling the problems of sparse, unevenly distributed and arratic rain gauge observations provided their accuracy is well known. Venezuela is a country highly vulnerable to extreme weather events such as extensive droughts and flash floods; therefore, an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of satellite-based rainfall products is useful for the planning of water resources. Using numerical metrics in order to evaluate performance, monthly rainfall estimates, from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation and Stations (CHIRPS v.2) product, are compared to gauge data from the 1981-2007 interval and categorical metrics for assessing rain-detection skills. The analysis was performed considering different rainfall categories, seasonality, and spatial context. The results show that the satellite product CHIRPS v.2 overestimates (underestimates) low (high) monthly rainfall values; although on the majority of numerical metrics of skill shows a good performance. This product, on the other hand, achieves better performance during the rainy season (April-September), significantly overestimating, however, the rainfall-events frequency. The product also shows best overall performance over flat and open regions (e.g., Los Llanos), where precipitation is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone activity and local convective systems.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los productos que proveen estimaciones de lluvia derivadas de satélites son útiles para el monitoreo tanto ambiental como de sequías, y permiten además afrontar el problema de las observaciones derivadas de estaciones pluviométricas mal distribuidas, siempre y cuando su precisión sea conocida. Venezuela es altamente vulnerable a eventos climáticos extremos como sequías extensivas y crecientes rápidas, por lo tanto conocer las debilidades y fortalezas de las estimaciones de lluvias derivadas de satélites resulta útil para la planificación de los recursos hídricos. Las estimaciones mensuales de lluvia derivadas del producto Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS v.2) son contrastadas con los registros proveniente de estaciones climáticas (1981-2007), empleando métricas numéricas para evaluar su desempeño en la estimación de la cantidad de lluvia, y métricas categóricas para evaluar su capacidad de detección de eventos de lluvia. Los análisis aplicados consideran diferentes categorías de lluvia, la estacionalidad y el contexto espacial. Los resultados muestran que el producto CHIRPS v.2 sobreestima (subestima) los valores más bajos (altos) de lluvia, aunque en la mayoría de las métricas de habilidad muestra un buen desempeño. Este producto consigue un mejor desempeño durante la estación lluviosa (abril-septiembre), pero sobreestima significativamente la frecuencia de los eventos de lluvias. También muestra mejor desempeño global en regiones planas abiertas (p. ej., Los Llanos), donde la precipitación es influida por la actividad de la zona de convergencia intertropical y los sistemas convectivos locales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rainfall estimate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[satellite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[performance metrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flood]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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