<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792025000100603</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28940/terra.v43i.1978</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Propagación de Ralstonia solanacearum y su Impacto en Cultivos Bananeros de Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Propagation of Ralstonia solanacearum and its Impact on Banana Crops in Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrer-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yarelys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loor-Buste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abasolo-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anay]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plasencia-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexis Herminio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Los Ríos]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Campeche  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Campeche]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100603&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100603&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100603&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El cambio climático global puede afectar la producción agrícola facilitando el establecimiento de plagas y patógenos. El banano (Musa paradisiaca) es uno de los principales productos agrícolas del Ecuador, pero, se ve afectado por la enfermedad del moko causada por la bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos potenciales del cambio climático sobre el nicho ecológico y la distribución potencial de este patógeno, y sus implicaciones para las plantaciones bananeras de Ecuador continental. A partir de 340 registros de presencia a nivel global se describió el nicho ecológico de la bacteria y se modeló con 62 registros en Ecuador. Se evaluaron las variaciones espaciales en su distribución geográfica potencial ante dos escenarios de cambio climático y se identificaron las plantaciones bananeras más susceptibles a la expansión del patógeno. El nicho ecológico del patógeno mostró una baja centralidad en Ecuador en comparación con el global de la especie, indicando que las condiciones climáticas actuales en el país no suelen ser las más típicas para el patógeno, aunque si están dentro del rango que puede soportar. La distribución geográfica potencial actual del patógeno fue de 5839 km2, y en los escenarios climáticos futuros se incrementaron en más del doble las áreas con condiciones favorables para su distribución. Las plantaciones con mayor probabilidad de riesgo están al centro-norte de Ecuador, en las provincias de Los Ríos, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Manabí y Esmeraldas. A futuro, la magnitud en la extensión de la distribución de este patógeno dependerá del establecimiento y cumplimiento de estrictos protocolos de manejo y control de la enfermedad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Global climate change can affect agricultural production by facilitating the establishment of pests and pathogens. Banana (Musa paradisiaca) is one of the main agricultural products in Ecuador, but it is affected by the moko disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential effects of climate change on the ecological niche and potential distribution of this pathogen, and its implications for banana plantations in continental Ecuador. The ecological niche of the bacterium was described from 340 records of its presence globally and modeled with 62 records in Ecuador. Spatial variations in its potential geographic distribution under two climate change scenarios were evaluated and the banana plantations most susceptible to the spread of the pathogen were identified. The ecological niche of the pathogen showed a low centrality in Ecuador compared to the overall niche of the species, indicating that the current climatic conditions in the country are not the most typical for the pathogen, although still within the range it can support. The potential geographic distribution of the current pathogen was 5839 km2, and in future climate scenarios the areas with favorable conditions for its distribution was more than doubled. The plantations most likely to be at risk are in central-northern Ecuador, in Los Ríos, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Manabí and Esmeraldas provinces. In the future, the extent of the distribution of this pathogen will depend on the establishment and compliance of strict disease management and control protocols.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[especies comerciales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[MaxEnt]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelación de nicho ecológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Musa paradisiaca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patógenos de plantas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[commercial species]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MaxEnt]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological niche models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Musa paradisiaca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plant pathogens]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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