<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792025000100174</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v43i.2317</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Orden de Cruza en la Productividad de Híbridos Trilineales de Maíz para Valles Altos de México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Crossing Order Effect on the Productivity of Three-Way Cross Maize Hybrids for High Valleys of Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina Yazmine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadeo-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Zavala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canales-Islas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique Inocencio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Huerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejia-Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Apolinar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuautitlán Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,tituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Nayarit]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100174&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100174&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792025000100174&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En los Valles Altos de México, el maíz (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo importante económica y culturalmente, el rendimiento promedio no satisface la demanda creciente por esto, una de las estrategias para incrementar la productividad es el uso de híbridos trilineales en los agrosistemas donde se aprovecha su potencial de producción, en ellos conviene definir la mejor conformación genética, que asegure su óptimo desempeño agronómico. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del diferente orden de cruza en la productividad de diez híbridos trilineales de maíz. Los experimentos se establecieron en Cuautitlán Izcalli (suelo franco-arcilloso) y Texcoco (suelo franco-arenoso), bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. Se midieron variables de importancia como rendimiento de grano y sus componentes como floración masculina, femenina y altura de planta. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre ambientes, atribuidas a las condiciones edáficas y climáticas. El rendimiento promedio de grano de los híbridos fue de 5.50 Mg ha-1. El híbrido H5 (L3 × L4 × L9) destacó con 5.85 Mg ha-1 mientras que H1 (L1 × L4 × L9) tuvo el menor rendimiento (4.70 Mg ha-1). En general, el orden de cruza no afectó significativamente el rendimiento, excepto en el híbrido H7, donde la combinación (L4 × L9) × L7 superó en un 20.7% a su recíproco. La floración y altura de planta fueron consistentes en la mayoría de los genotipos, sin asincronía floral relevante. Los hallazgos sugieren que, para la mayoría de los híbridos trilineales evaluados, el orden de cruza no fue un factor que influye en la productividad, lo que facilita la producción de semilla, ya que el incremento podría efectuarse en cualquier combinación de progenitores. En el caso específico de H7, el orden de los progenitores sí influye, por lo que debe definirse la mejor combinación, al incrementar semilla.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: In the High Valleys of Mexico, maize (Zea mays L.) is an economically and culturally important crop. However, average grain yield does not meet the increasing demand; therefore, one strategy to enhance productivity is the use of trilinear hybrids in agrosystems where their yield potential can be fully exploited. For these hybrids, it is advisable to define the most suitable genetic conformation to ensure optimal agronomic performance. This study evaluated the effect of different crossing orders on the productivity of ten trilinear maize hybrids. Field experiments were established in Cuautitlán Izcalli (clay loam soil) and Texcoco (sandy loam soil) under a randomized complete block design with three replications. Key agronomic variables were recorded, including grain yield and its components, male and female flowering, and plant height. The results showed significant differences between environments, attributed to contrasting edaphic and climatic conditions. The average grain yield of the hybrids was 5.50 Mg ha-1. Hybrid H5 (L3 × L4 × L9) showed the highest yield (5.85 Mg ha-1), whereas H1 (L1 × L4 × L9) exhibited the lowest yield (4.70 Mg ha-1). In general, crossing order did not significantly affect grain yield, except in hybrid H7, in which the combination (L4 × L9) × L7 exceeded its reciprocal by 20.7%. Flowering traits and plant height were consistent across most genotypes, with no relevant floral asynchrony observed. These findings indicate that, for most of the evaluated trilinear hybrids, crossing order was not a determinant factor influencing productivity, which facilitates seed production because seed increase can be conducted using any parental combination. In the specific case of H7, parental order does influence performance; therefore, the optimal combination must be defined during seed multiplication.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[combinaciones alternativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cruza recíproca]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genotipos de triple cruzamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[líneas progenitoras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[semilla mejorada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alternative combinations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[improved seed]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[triple-cross genotypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[parent lines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reciprocal crossing]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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