<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792023000100132</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28940/terra.v41i0.1743</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Evaluation of Wastewater Coagulation/Flocculation with Chitosan from Shrimp Exoskeletons Waste and Aluminum Sulfate]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evaluación del Proceso de Coagulación/Floculación de Agua Residual con Quitosano de Residuos de Camarón y Sulfato de Aluminio]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labastida-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Israel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velasco-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maribel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pablo-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elia Piedad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Aragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abelardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Villavicencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792023000100132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792023000100132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792023000100132&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Intensive use of water, growing cities, and lack of wastewater treatment are some factors increasing hydric stress worldwide. Coagulation/flocculation is one of the preferred treatments for wastewater. However, aluminum salts are traditionally used in this process. This coagulant has a high environmental footprint and residual aluminum in wastewater is a public health concern. The preparation and use of chitosan as a coagulant aid in coagulation/flocculation with aluminum sulfate were investigated. The effect of the order of addition of coagulants (aluminum sulfate followed by chitosan, or chitosan followed by aluminum sulfate), dose of the coagulants, pH, and slow mixing velocity for flocculation were studied. It was found that the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) with aluminum sulfate was relatively unaffected by pH (aluminum sulfate dose of 100 mg L-1 at pH of 5 units achieved 94% removal of TSS and at pH of 8.2 units 89% removal of TSS), whereas with chitosan was highly affected (chitosan dose of 180 mg L-1 at pH of 4 units achieved 96% removal of TSS and at pH of 8.2 units 25% removal of TSS). In the coagulation/flocculation experiments where both coagulants were used, it was found that the order of coagulant addition and pH of wastewater have a statistically significant effect (P-value &lt; 0.05) on the removal of TSS. Higher removal of TSS was achieved when aluminum sulfate was added followed by chitosan at a wastewater pH of 5 units. Chitosan can be effectively used to reduce the use of aluminum salts in wastewater treatment. However, it is necessary to optimize the preparation of this coagulant and investigate other factors, such as variation in the wastewater quality, that can affect the robustness of the process.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Entre los factores que aumentan el estrés hídrico se encuentran la creciente demanda de agua, el incremento de las zonas urbanas y la falta de tratamiento de aguas residuales, entre otros. La coagulación/floculación con sales de aluminio está entre los tratamientos para aguas residuales más utilizados. Sin embargo, estas sales tienen una huella ambiental alta y el aluminio residual en el agua tratada está asociado a problemas de salud. En este trabajo se investigó la preparación y uso de quitosano como coadyuvante en la coagulación/floculación con sulfato de aluminio. Se estudió el efecto del orden de adición de los coagulantes (sulfato de aluminio seguido de quitosano o quitosano seguido de sulfato de aluminio), la dosis de los coagulantes, el pH del tratamiento y la velocidad lenta de floculación. Se encontró que la remoción de los sólidos suspendidos totales (SST) con sulfato de aluminio no presentó cambios significativos en el rango de pH estudiado ( remoción de 94% de SST con dosis de 100 mg L-1 y pH 5, y remoción de 89% con pH 8.2), mientras que la remoción con quitosano es altamente dependiente del pH (remoción de 96% de SST con dosis de 180 mg L-1 y pH 4, y remoción de 25% con pH 8.2). En los experimentos donde los dos coagulantes se usaron se encontró que el orden de adición de los coagulantes y el pH tienen un efecto estadísticamente significativo (P &lt; 0.05) en la remoción de SST. La mayor remoción de SST se encontró al adicionar sulfato de aluminio seguido de quitosano a un pH de 5. El quitosano se puede utilizar para disminuir el uso de sales de aluminio en el tratamiento de agua residual. Sin embargo, es necesario optimizar su preparación e investigar otros factores que pueden afectar el proceso de coagulación/floculación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clarification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[natural coagulants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[water treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clarificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coagulantes naturales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratamiento de agua]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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