<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792019000300243</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.28940/terra.v37i3.409</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización física y química de biochar de lodos residuales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Physical and chemical characterization of sewage sludge biochar]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez Machuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Equihua Soriano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montañez Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel Equihua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz Navia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Milton]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jiquilpan Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Edo. de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de la Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mich.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>251</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792019000300243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792019000300243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792019000300243&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El tratamiento de pirólisis de los lodos residuales para generar biochar o biocarbón es una de las alternativas actuales para el manejo ambiental de estos residuos. El tratamiento de pirólisis que se da a los lodos residuales para transformarlos en biochar permite conservar algunas de las características que le dan un valor agronómico importante y reduce su contenido de patógenos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el uso potencial del biochar de lodos residuales obtenidos de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) de Morelia, Michoacán, México, como mejorador de suelos agrícolas tomando como indicadores las propiedades físicas y químicas del material y su contenido de nutrimentos y metales tóxicos. Los lodos residuales fueron sometidos a pirólisis en un reactor a escala experimental que utiliza energía solar, con seis tiempos de residencia y temperatura de 280 a 355 oC. Los parámetros analizados fueron: pH C.E., M.O., Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe disponibles (DTPA y EDTA), composición elemental (C, N, O, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S, Cl, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Cr, Cd y Pb). La C.E. del biochar obtenido (BLR) fue de 592 a 5240 µS cm-1, pH = 6.33 a 7.02, M.O. = 3.8 a 5.6%, altos contenidos de C, N, P (31 a 38%, 6.5 a 7.7% y 37.7 a 48.8 g kg-1, respectivamente), baja relación Na/Ca y un bajo contenido de metales tóxicos totales y disponibles. Las propiedades del BLR indican que éste puede utilizarse como mejorador de suelos agrícolas por su alto contenido de nutrimentos y posee bajo riesgo ambiental debido a su bajo contenido de metales tóxicos. Estos resultados deberán complementarse con estudios sobre la respuesta de las plantas cultivadas al BLR, monitoreo de las condiciones físico-químicas y análisis de contaminantes orgánicos en suelos y aguas donde se aplique este material.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Summary: Pyrolysis treatment of sewage sludge to generate biochar is one of the current alternatives for environmental management of this waste. The treatment transforms sewage sludge into biochar, conserves some of the characteristics that give it an important agronomic value and reduces its pathogen content. The objective of this study was to analyze the potential use of the sewage sludge biochar obtained from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Morelia, Michoacán, México, as an agricultural soil improver considering the physical-chemical properties of the material and its content of nutrients and heavy metals as indicators. The sewage sludge was subjected to pyrolysis (SSB) in an experimental scale reactor that uses solar energy, with six residence times and temperature of 280 to 355 oC. The parameters analyzed were: pH EC, OM, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe available (DTPA and EDTA), elemental composition (C, N, O, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, S, Cl, Si, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ti, Ni, Cr, Cd and Pb). The EC of the SSB obtained was from 592 to 5240 &#956;S cm&#8209;1, pH = 6.33 to 7.02, OM = 3.8 to 5.6%, high contents of C, N, P (31 to 38%, 6.5 to 7.7% and 37.7 to 48.8 g kg&#8209;1, respectively), low Na/Ca ratio and a low content of total and available heavy metals. The properties of the SSB obtained indicate that it can be used as an agricultural soil improver since it is a material with high nutrient content and low environmental risk in terms of its low heavy metal content. These results should be complemented with studies on the response of plants to BLR, monitoring of physical-chemical conditions and analysis of organic contaminants in soil and water where this material is applied.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agricultura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metales tóxicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reciclado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agriculture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recycling]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[toxic metals]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrafioti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalderis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamadopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biochar production by sewage sludge pyrolysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>72-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westcot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper. 29 Rev]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rome, Italy ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kutubuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermocatalytic conversion of lipid-rich biomass to oleochemicals and fuel]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[A.V.]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research in thermochemical biomass conversion]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<page-range>518-9</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Science Pub. Co]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Dor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of organic matter content in Arid zone soils using a simple &#8220;Loss-on-Ignition&#8221; Method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1675-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breulmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Afferdena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müllera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulzb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fühner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Process conditions of pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization affect the potential of sewage sludge for soil carbon sequestration and amelioration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>256-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caporale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pigna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of pruning-derived biochar on heavy metals removal and water dynamics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biol. Fertil. Soils]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1211-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and heavy metal adsorptive performance of biochar derived from municipal sewage sludge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresour. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<page-range>47-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biochar, soil fertility, and environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biol. Fertil. Soils]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1175</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muhammad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brookes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The potential feasibility for soil improvement, based on the properties of biochars pyrolyzed from different feedstocks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Soils Sediments]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>989-1000</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalante-Rebolledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Collado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campo-Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valtierra-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etchevers-Barra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biocarbón (biochar) I: Naturaleza, historia, fabricación y uso en el suelo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>367-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evangelou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fellet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phytoremediation and Biochar application as an amendment]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ansari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[R.]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phytoremediation: Management of environmental contaminants]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>253-63</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Difficulties in using soil-based methods to assess plant availability of potentially toxic elements in biochars and their feedstocks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Hazardous Mat.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>250-251</volume>
<page-range>29-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison of the rhizosphere-based method with DTPA, EDTA, CaCl2, and NaNO3 extraction methods for prediction of bioavailability of metals in soil to barley]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Pollut]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<page-range>231-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gascó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz-Ferreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal analysis of soil amended with sewage sludge and biochar from sewage sludge pyrolysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Therm. Anal. Calorim]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>769-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strezov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziolkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient properties of wastewater sludge biochar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Environ. Manage]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>223-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hossain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strezov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Agronomic properties of wastewater sludge biochar and bioavailability of metals in production of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemosphere]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>1167-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsuto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics of leachate from pyrolysis residue of sewage sludge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemosphere]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1913-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keiluweit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (Biochar)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Sci. Technol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>1247-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kistler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[F.]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Behavior of chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, mercury, and lead during the pyrolysis of sewage sludge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ. Sci. Technol.]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>704-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurlbut Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de mineralogía]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Reverté]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biochar for environmental management. Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York, NY, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor and Francis Group]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norvell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>421-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrogen transformation among char, tar and gas during pyrolysis of sewage sludge and corresponding hydrochar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>126</volume>
<page-range>298-306</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relative distribution of Pb2+ sorption mechanisms by sludge-derived biochar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Water Res.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>854-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristic of heavy metals in biochar derived from sewage sludge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mat. Cycl. Waste Manage]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olofsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zetterlund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental and economic assessment of sewage sludge handling options]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resour. Conser. Recycl.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>255-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manouchehri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besancon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Major and trace metal extraction from soil by EDTA: Equilibrium and kinetic studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anal. Chim. Acta]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>559</volume>
<page-range>105-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcañiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unintended effects of biochars on short-term plant growth in a calcareous soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Soil]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>385</volume>
<page-range>87-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz-Ferreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gascó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of sewage sludge biochar on plant metal availability after application to a Mediterranean soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemosphere]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>1354-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Norma Oficial Mexicana Nom-004-Semarnat-2000</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Protección ambiental. Lodos y biosólidos. Especificaciones y limites máximos permisibles de contaminantes para su aprovechamiento y disposición final]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Federación]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D. F. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantifying the influence of biochar on the physical and hydrological properties of dissimilar soils]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geoderma]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>235-236</volume>
<page-range>182-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peregrina-Puga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparecida de Abreua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coscione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz-Ferreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leaching and fractionation of heavy metals in mining soils amended with biochar.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soil Tillage Res.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<page-range>25-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizzardini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustainability of domestic sewage sludge disposal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>2424-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High-temperature pyrolysis of blended animal manures for producing renewable energy and value-added biochar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>10125-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robledo-Zacarías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velázquez-Machuca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montañez-Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel-Equihua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallejo-Cardona]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Calvillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hidroquímica y contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales urbano industriales de Morelia, Michoacán, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Int. Contam. Amb.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>221-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of biochar from sewage sludge to plant cultivation: Influence of pyrolysis temperature and biochar-to-soil ratio on yield and heavy metal accumulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemosphere]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>213-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spokas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of the stability of biochar in soils: predictability of O:C molar ratios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carbon Manage]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>289-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwertmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phosphate sorption by natural hematites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur. J. Soil Sci.]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>45-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uchimiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klasson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Screening biochars for heavy metal retention in soil: Role of oxygen functional groups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Hazard Mat.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>190</volume>
<page-range>432-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kobayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of pyrolysis temperature on physical and chemical properties of biochar made from sewage sludge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<page-range>284-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
