<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-5779</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoamericana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Terra Latinoam]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-5779</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-57792015000200139</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo de un sistema integral de medición de fuerzas para la evaluación de implementos de labranza]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Development of an integrated force sensing system for tillage implement assessment]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Magaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santos Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuervo Piña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neftali]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro División de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Saltillo Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Saltillo Coahuila]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>149</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-57792015000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-57792015000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-57792015000200139&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Un sistema de medición integral de fuerzas de reacción del suelo fue desarrollado para evaluar el funcionamiento de implementos de labranza. El equipo está conformado por tres transductores octagonales de anillo extendido (OAE) y una estructura flotante acoplada entre el enganche del tractor y el implemento a evaluar. El presente trabajo incluye además del desarrollo, la evaluación en laboratorio y su verificación en campo, el efecto de la posición de un cincel con diferentes anchos y profundidades de trabajo y su forma de acoplamiento. Los resultados de calibración presentaron una correlación del 99.9% y una constante de ecuación promedio de 15.33 ± 2% entre transductores, garantizando alta confiabilidad y precisión de las mediciones de fuerzas. Al realizar evaluaciones estáticas simulando fuerzas horizontales en un cincel a diferentes anchos y profundidades de la herramienta, se encontró que la constante de la ecuación de los transductores obtenidas en la calibración, disminuyen en forma lineal cuando se aumenta la profundidad de trabajo, esto debido a un efecto de momento ocasionado por el acoplamiento con rótulas en la estructura flotante, situación diferente para el cincel con acoplamiento empotrado al marco del implemento, la cual no se vio afectada por el cambio de posición de la fuerza. En las evaluaciones bajo condiciones de campo, las fuerzas horizontales obtenidas en los transductores del sistema integral fueron contrastadas con los acoplados directamente al implemento articulado. Los resultados mostraron que existe un efecto de la distribución de los transductores OAE que sobreestima y subestima los valores de la fuerza en 5 y 10% en la estructura integral con respecto a la fuerza real obtenida directamente en la herramienta cuando se cambia la profundidad de trabajo de 0.20 m a 0.30 y 0.40 m , respectivamente. Para reducir el error, a menos del 2%, fue necesario determinar la K de la ecuación (K = 25.36-15.90 m) de corrección de la constante del sensor integral para los transductores OAE inferiores que detectan la fuerza de tiro, calibrando el instrumento para la profundidad (m) de trabajo del implemento requerida en campo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: An integrated monitoring system of soil reaction forces was developed to assess the performance of mounted tillage implements. The equipment consists of three octagonal extended ring (OER) transducers and a floating structure coupled between the third point hitch of the tractor and the implement to be evaluated. The purpose of this study was the laboratory evaluation and field verification of the effect of the position of a chisel with different working widths and depths and coupling system. Calibration results obtained in the laboratory showed a correlation of 99.9% and average constant equation of 15.33 ± 2% between transducers ensuring, high reliability and accuracy of the sensors. With static tests simulating horizontal forces on the chisel plough at different widths and depths of the implement, it was found that the constant equation transducer obtained during calibration decreased linearly when depth increased. This is due to an effect moment caused by coupling with ball joints on the floating structure. The situation was different for the chisel with coupling attached to the frame of the implement, which was not affected. The horizontal forces obtained in the transducers of the integral system under field conditions were contrasted with those obtained with transducers directly coupled to the articulated implement. The results shows an effect of the distribution of the OER transducers, underestimating and overestimating the force values at 5 and 10% in the integrated structure with respect to the real force obtained directly with the implement when the working depth was changed from 0.20 m to 0.30 and 0.40 m, respectively. It can be concluded that it is necessary to determine the constants of OER transducers when calibrating at the required working depth.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[calibración de transductores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[labranza vertical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transductores OAE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transducer calibration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vertical tillage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transducers OER]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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