<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-358X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación bibliotecológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investig. bibl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-358X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-358X2018000400133</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iibi.24488321xe.2018.77.57859</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tendencias de la innovación tecnológica en Colombia 1991-2013 a partir del análisis de patentes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Patent analysis of Colombian technological innovation 1991 - 2013]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosa Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria UNINPAHU Facultad de Ingeniería y Nuevas Tecnologías ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>77</numero>
<fpage>133</fpage>
<lpage>150</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-358X2018000400133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-358X2018000400133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-358X2018000400133&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se presenta un análisis de las patentes concedidas a instituciones o inventores de origen colombiano registradas en las bases de d atos de las oficinas de patentes de Estados Unidos, Europa, WIPO, Alemania y Colombia. Se observan las tendencias de innovación tecnológica que rigen los procesos y productos en Colombia durante el periodo y se comprueba que efectivamente las patentes son indicadores de innovación tecnológica. Se evidencia que las invenciones de colombianos no son necesariamente patrocinadas por instituciones colombianas y que la figura del inventor solitario tiende a desaparecer para dar paso a las innovaciones industriales en manos de los equipos de investigación de las grandes empresas, conviertiéndose en un mecanismo de control de la producción y comercialización mundiales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This study offers an analysis of patents granted to Colombian institutions or inventors and registered in patent databases in the US, Europe, WIPO, Germany and Colombia. The trends regarding processes and products of technological innovation in Colombia during the period are observed showing that patents are in fact indicators of technological innovation. Moreover, Colombian inventions are not necessarily sponsored by Colombian institutions, and the and phenomenon of the solitary inventor is giving way to research teams working for large companies, which exercise control over production and marketing.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Innovación Tecnológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patentometría]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Technological Innovation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Patents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Patentometrics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barceló]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parellada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesc Solé]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaume]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tecnología y PME en España]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economía Industrial]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>284</volume>
<page-range>127-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>BID</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Cómo Repensar El Desarrollo Productivo?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crespi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Políticas e Instituciones Sólidas Para La Transformación Económica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BID]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cienciometría. El estudio cuantitativo de la actividad científica: de la bibliometría a la vigilancia tecnológica]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gijón, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Trea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Limitaciones de los indicadores bibliométricos en la evaluación de la actividad científica biomédica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Médica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>74-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montañez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia Nelcy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Freddy Abel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El análisis de patentes como instrumento para la generación de conocimiento y de estrategia tecnológica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista GTI]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>71-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CONPES</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política Nacional De Competitividad y Productividad]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escorsa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pere]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maspons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llibre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[De la vigilancia tecnológica a la inteligencia competitiva]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard Arthur]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawless]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Technology and Strategy: Conceptual Models and Diagnostics]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press on Demand]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cui]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jun]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xiang]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xuanting]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zhang]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jiang]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Bibliometric Study of China&#8217;s Science and Technology Policies: 1949-2010]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1521-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mu-Hsuan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Han-Wen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dar-Zen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Trend of Concentration in Scientific Research and Technological Innovation: A Reduction of the Predominant Role of the US in World Research &amp; Technology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Informetrics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>457-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucio-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristhian]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bueno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velandia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Observando el sistema colombiano de ciencia, tecnología e innovación: sus actores y sus productos]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Observatorio Colombiano de Ciencia y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes Hincapié]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lloveras Macià]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escorsa i Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pere]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elicet]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de patentes en el sector de los aceites esenciales como estrategia para impulsar el desarrollo regional en Antioquia]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XIIISeminario Latino-iberoamericano de Gestión Tecnológica ALTEC]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Cartagena de Indias </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sifontes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte de la Actividad Innovadora de América Latina: Un Estudio de Patentes]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ VIIICongreso de Indicadores de Ciencia y Tecnología]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OCDE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de la OCDE de las Políticas de Innovación: Colombia]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OCDE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de Frascati. Propuesta de norma práctica para encuestas de investigación y desarrollo experimental]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OMPI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de la OMPI de redacción de solicitudes de patente]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OMPI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robert K. Merton (1910-2003). La ciencia como institución]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>143-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedroza Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Qué es la gestión de la innovación y la tecnología (GInnT)?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Technology Management &amp; Innovation]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>64-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunningham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scott W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tech Mining: Exploiting New Technologies for Competitive Advantage]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Hoboken, New Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Patentometría. Herramienta para el análisis de oportunidades tecnológicas]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Economía, Universidad de La Habana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Publicación internacional de patentes por organizaciones inventores de origen colombiano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Economía]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>247-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Indicadores cienciométricos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciência da Informação]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maffioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alessandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasteletti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietrobelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olloqui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casaburi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agosin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Cómo repensar el desarrollo productivo? Políticas e instituciones sólidas para la transformación económica]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Inter-American Development Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xiao]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yi]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ying]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donghua]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Patent Analysis Method to Trace Technology Evolutionary Pathways]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>705-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
