<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0187-358X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación bibliotecológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Investig. bibl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0187-358X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0187-358X2017000200183</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iibi.0187358xp.2017.72.57829</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cold Warriors: Advancing the Library Modernizing Model in Latin America]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los guerreros de la Guerra Fría: avanzando el modelo de modernización en las bibliotecas de Latinoamérica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maymí-Sugrañes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CETYS Universidad Colegio de Posgrado Programa de Maestría en Administración de Negocios. Colegio de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales.]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tijuana BC]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>72</numero>
<fpage>183</fpage>
<lpage>207</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0187-358X2017000200183&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0187-358X2017000200183&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0187-358X2017000200183&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: After War World II, modernization theories became fashionable as American business, political, and cultural elites, exercising unprecedented influence throughout the world, once again came to believe in the positivist notions of progress and civilization. The "modern" model rapidly gained wide support in both advanced capitalist and developing countries; and soon it was trumpeted as the best solution for less developed nations. Many of the initiatives undertaken and ideas tested in previous decades concerning cultural development culminated with the actions and programs taken on behalf of Latin Americans under the mantle of the Point IV Program and the Alliance for Progress. The challenge was how to translate that model into a different reality. It did not completely work there, and in failing to do so, it diminished the effectiveness of many initiatives carried out under the auspices of Inter-American relations.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Luego de terminada la Segunda Guerra Mundial, las teorías sobre modernización se pusieron de moda principalmente porque las empresas norteamericanas, junto a las elites políticas y culturales, ejercían una influencia sin precedente a través del mundo. De nuevo se creyó en las nociones positivistas de progreso y civilización. El modelo &#8220;moderno&#8221; rápidamente gozó de apoyo tanto en los países avanzados capitalistas como en los en vías de desarrollo. Pronto serían planteadas como las mejores soluciones para las naciones en vías de desarrollo muchas de las iniciativas e ideas establecidas en décadas previas concernientes al desarrollo cultural, que culminaron como acciones y programas llevados a cabo a nombre de los latinoamericanos bajo el manto del Programa de Punto IV y la Alianza para el Progreso. El reto fue cómo traducir este tipo de modelo de desarrollo en una realidad diferente. No funcionó de forma completa en Latinoamérica, haciendo inefectivas muchas de las iniciativas de las relaciones interamericanas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Modernization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Point IV Program]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Alliance for Progress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inter-American Relations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modernización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Programa de Punto IV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alianza para el Progreso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Relaciones Inter-Americanas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>American Library Association.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Present Status of Library Aspects of the Point IV Program, 1950,]]></source>
<year>1950</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anslover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicole L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Harry S. Truman: the Coming of the Cold War]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio Cesar.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Report on the Pilot Public Library for Latin America,]]></source>
<year>1957</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lester E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Travel Diary.]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;The Pioneers: Marietta Daniels Shepard.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susan Shattuck.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Third World Libraries]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>9-13.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brewster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Berverly J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[American Overseas Library Technical Assistance, 1940-1970.]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Metuchen, New Jersey: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Scarecrow Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;UNESCO in Library Affairs-a Decade.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verner W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Library Journal]]></source>
<year>1956</year>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>2631-2633.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Columbus Memorial Library.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Report of the Librarian for the Month November 1954]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Department of State.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Point Four Contracts for Economic Survey in Latin American Countries]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luther H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evans to Dorsey,]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luther H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;UNESCO Work and Method Ilustrated by the Library Programs&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnovovsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lean]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Aspects of Librarianship: Papers Presented Before the Eighteenth Annual Conference of Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<page-range>12-30.</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gropp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arthur E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Inter-American Action Required.&#8221;]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Development of Public Libraries in Latin America: The Sao Paolo Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Paris </conf-loc>
<page-range>27-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;The Purpose of the American Public Library: A Revisionist Interpretation of History.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Library Journal]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<numero>September</numero>
<issue>September</issue>
<page-range>2509-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The National Textbook Program and Libraries in Brazil.]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Pittsburgh ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Pittsburgh Book Center.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lyndon B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Let the Alliance be His Living Memorial.]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C.: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of State]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Alianza para el Progreso." Alliance for Progress.]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D. C.: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of State.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dan.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lacy to Mackenzie, Letter.]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jerome]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Onís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Alliance that Lost Its Way.]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Quadrangle Books.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Kennedy&#8217;s Vision Revisited.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowenthal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abraham F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Alliance for Progress: a Retrospective]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<page-range>217-20</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Preager]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Málaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Needs and Objectives.&#8221;]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Development of Public Libraries in Latin America: The Sao Paolo Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Paris </conf-loc>
<page-range>21-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>McGraw-Hill International.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Books and Magazines in the Point Four Program]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda Piraja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The SESI Travelling Libraries]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Development of Public Libraries in Latin America: The Sao Paolo Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Paris </conf-loc>
<page-range>80-84.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nannetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Problem of Providing Suitable Reading and Audio-Visual Materials]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Development of Public Libraries in Latin America: The Sao Paolo Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Paris </conf-loc>
<page-range>67-75.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nixon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[For a Productive Alliance]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Víctor.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Bibliotecología Latinoamericana: Algunas Consideraciones sobre el Pasado: Esbozo de un Plan para Acelerar su Desarrollo.]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Habana: ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Public Affairs Institute.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Partners in Progress,]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<month>.</month>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marietta D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Promotion of Libraries in the Americas: a Five Year Report of Activities of the OAS,]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marietta D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[&#8220;Progress Report on the Seminars on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, 1967.&#8221; Final Report and Working Papers]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, XI]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Washington, D. C. </conf-loc>
<page-range>91-148.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marietta D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Progress Report on the Seminars on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, 1970.&#8221; Final Report and Working Papers]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, XV]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Washington, D. C. </conf-loc>
<page-range>79-223.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[The End of the Alliance for Progress.]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CENCOS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomlinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction.]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Johns Hopkins University Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Inaugural Address.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Truman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harry S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Public Papers of the President, Harry S. Truman, 1945-1953]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<page-range>112-116.</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Millwood, New York: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[KTO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;UNESCO Public Library Manifesto, The Public Library: a Force for Popular Education.&#8221;]]></article-title>
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>242-244.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Development of Public Libraries in Latin America]]></source>
<year>1952</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Development of Public Libraries in Latin America: The Sao Paolo Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Paris </conf-loc>
<page-range>178-188.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patrick.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The American Public Library and the Problem of Purpose,]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York: ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Greenwood Press.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
