<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-7210</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios demográficos y urbanos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. demogr. urbanos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-7210</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-72102013000200429</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Graduación no-paramétrica con suavidad y estructura impuestas por el analista: aplicaciones demográficas para México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nonparametric Graduation with Smoothness and Structure Imposed by the Analyst: Demographic Applications for Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eliud]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México Departamento de Estadística ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Anáhuac del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>429</fpage>
<lpage>468</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-72102013000200429&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-72102013000200429&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-72102013000200429&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se presenta un método estadístico de carácter no-paramétrico para graduar datos demográficos de manera que se obtenga no sólo suavidad, sino que los datos graduados sigan cierta estructura impuesta por el analista. El principal objetivo es que éste sea capaz de controlar tres aspectos fundamentales de la graduación: la fidelidad de los datos graduados a los datos originales, la suavidad de dichos datos graduados, y la cercanía de los mismos a determinada estructura. Las ilustraciones empíricas utilizan datos referidos a la realidad demográfica de México y hacen uso de diversos indicadores al alcance de los analistas interesados.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: A non-parametric statistical method is presented for graduating demographic data so as to obtain not only smoothness, but also to ensure that the graduating data follow a certain structure imposed by the analyst. The main aim is for it to be able to control three fundamental aspects of graduation: the faithfulness of the graduated data to the original data, the smoothness of these graduated data, and their proximity to a particular structure. The empirical illustrations use data regarding the demographic reality of Mexico and make use of various indicators available to interested analysts.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comparabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Filtro de Kalman]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[graduación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de estructura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de suavidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mínimos Cuadrados Generalizados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelo de Componentes No-Observables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelo de Espacio de Estados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelo de Señal Más Ruido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comparability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kalman Filter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[graduation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structure index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[smoothness index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Generalized Least Squares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Unobservable Components Model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State Space Model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Signal Plus Noise Model]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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