<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-7202</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios Económicos (México, D.F.)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Econ. (México, D.F.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-7202</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-72022015000200305</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Precarious democracies, political negotiation and selective predation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cendales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhon James]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Católica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ICESI  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>305</fpage>
<lpage>339</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-72022015000200305&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-72022015000200305&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-72022015000200305&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper demonstrates that a precarious democracy is harmful to the poor rather than benefiting them as long as the governing party, being a highly informal organization, includes a cartel of political patrons and business people. The mayor is unable to govern freely due to controls or vetoes exercised by those collective actors to which he/she belongs. Not having been elected democratically, the objective of these groups is to co-opt the state at the subnational level by violating civil rights and liberties on election days and committing crimes against the public administration during the term of government.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se demuestra que una democracia precaria, en el nivel local, perjudica a los pobres antes que favorecerlos siempre que el partido en el gobierno, como una organización altamente informal, albergue a carteles de patrones políticos y empresarios. El alcalde no tiene la capacidad de gobernar libremente respecto a los controles o vetos ejercidos por esos actores colectivos, a los cuales pertenece, y que, al no haber sido elegidos democra&#769;ticamente, tienen como objetivo co-optar el Estado en el nivel sub-nacional mediante la violación de derechos y libertades civiles, en jornadas electorales y delitos contra la administración pública durante el periodo que gobierna.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[clientelism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political negotiation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[precarious democracies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clientelismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[negociación política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracias precarias]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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