<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-4866</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina interna de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. interna Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-4866</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edición y Farmacia S.A. de C.V.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-48662017000600778</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24245/mim.v33i6.1312</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tratamiento de la hipercalemia en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Treatment of hyperkaliemia in patients with chronic renal disease and dialytic therapy.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega-Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo-Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Otero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISSEMyM  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISSEMyM  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISSEMyM  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico Lic. Adolfo López Mateos  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>778</fpage>
<lpage>796</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-48662017000600778&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-48662017000600778&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-48662017000600778&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Debido a que la alteración electrolítica en la enfermedad renal crónica más importante es la hipercalemia, se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía respecto del tratamiento de la misma en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia dialítica. Se analizaron artículos seleccionados en PubMed Central, EBSCO, Medlineplus, SciELO bajo el título hiperkalemia, hyperkalemia management, hyperkalemia treatment e hiperkalemia aguda y crónica (causa, epidemiología, métodos diagnósticos y métodos de tratamientos clásicos y actuales). Se analizaron diversos artículos de revisión y artículos de tratamiento en etapa prediálisis y en terapia dialítica; se analizaron los artículos que definieron la hipercalemia como la elevación mayor a 5 mEq/L en suero y que consideraron causa la excesiva ingesta de potasio, el desplazamiento extracelular y la alteración en la eliminación de potasio en los riñones, incluidas las manifestaciones clínicas y de laboratorio. Tambien se incluyó el análisis de artículos que asociaron la hipercalemia con la aparición de la insuficiencia renal, insuficiencia cardiaca y con la administración de medicamentos, incluidos los inhibidores del sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona, diuréticos ahorradores de potasio y antinflamatorios no esteroides. Las opciones de tratamiento de la hipercalemia en la enfermedad renal crónica continúan siendo limitadas a pesar del desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos, por lo que el objetivo del tratamiento en la hipercalemia aguda y crónica es revertir los efectos adversos principalmente en el corazón, desplazando el potasio a nivel intracelular, eliminando el potasio a nivel corporal, disminuyendo los síntomas y normalizando las concentraciones séricas del mismo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Since the most important electrolytic alteration in chronic kidney disease is hyperkalemia, a review of the literature was conducted in the management of renal hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and in dialysis therapy. Analysis of selected articles in PubMed Central, EBSCO, Medlineplus, SciELO under the title hyperkalemia, hyperkalemia management, hyperkalemia treatment and acute and chronic hyperkalemia (etiology, epidemiology, diagnostic methods and methods of classic and current treatments). Various review articles and treatment articles were analyzed in the pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. The articles that defined hyperkalemia as an elevation greater than 5 mEq/L in serum were analyzed and considered the etiology of excessive potassium intake, extracellular displacement and alteration in the elimination of potassium at the renal level, including clinical and laboratory manifestations. Also included was the analysis of articles that associated hyperkalemia with the development of renal failure, heart failure and with the use of drugs including renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Treatment options for hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease continue to be limited despite the development of new drugs, so the goal of treatment in both acute and chronic hyperkalemia is to reverse adverse effects primarily at the cardiac level, potassium at the intracellular level, eliminating the potassium at the corporal level, diminishing the symptoms and normalizing the serum concentrations of the same.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[hipercalemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedad renal crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[insuficiencia renal terminal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[terapia dialítica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hyperkalemia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chronic renal disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[end-stage renal failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dialytic therapy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coresh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem approaches and initiatives - a position statement from kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<page-range>247-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gansevoort]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Rotter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmelgarn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jafar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular risk epidemiology, mechanisms, and prevention]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>382</volume>
<page-range>339-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowrie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Death risk in hemodialysis patients the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>458-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of hypo- and hyperkalemia with disease progression and mortality In males with chronic kidney disease the role of race]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephron Clin Pract]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<page-range>c8-c16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Einhorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<page-range>1156-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validity of the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision code for hyperkaliemia in elderly patients at presentation to an emergency department and at hospital admission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drawz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babineau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rahman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metabolic complications in elderly adults with chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>310-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarafidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in predialysis patients followed in a low-clearance clinic]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1234-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of therenin-angiotensin aldosterone system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>351</volume>
<page-range>585-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bangalore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desouza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system meta-analysis of randomised trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>346</volume>
<page-range>f360</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Susantitaphong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of combined vs single renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Hypertens]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>424-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moranne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Froissart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nephro-Test Study Group Timing of onset of CKD-related metabolic complications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>164-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bragg-Gresham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rayner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonadherence in hemodialysis associations with mortality, hospitalization, and practice patterns in the DOPPS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>254-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunsicker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathyThe Collaborative Study Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>329</volume>
<page-range>1456-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maschio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the progression of chronic renal insufficiency The Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Progressive Renal Insufficiency Study Group]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>334</volume>
<page-range>939-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pogue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renal insufficiency as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and the impact of ramipril the HOPE randomized trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>134</volume>
<page-range>629-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Risk of hyperkalemia in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease receiving antihypertensive therapy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>169</volume>
<page-range>1587-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renoprotective effect of losartan in comparison to amlodipine in patients with Chronic kidney disease and hypertension-a report of the Japanese Losartan Therapy Intended for the Global Renal Protection in Hypertensive Patients (JLIGHT) study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hypertens Res]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>21-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Increased serum potassium affects renal outcomes a post hoc analysis of the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetologia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>44-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined angiotensin inhibition for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>369</volume>
<page-range>1892-903</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>354</volume>
<page-range>131-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia in end stage renal disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1197-209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ganong Fisiología medica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<edition>23</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clausen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of the Na, K-pump in skeletal muscle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weisberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperkalemia in dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Dial]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>348-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mount]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zandi-Nejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disorders of potassium balance]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>ed</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Brenner and Rector's the kidney]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<edition>9</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Saunders]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giebisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renal potassium transport mechanisms and regulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>274</volume>
<page-range>F817-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of ROMK cannel and K homeostasis by kidney-specific WK1 kinase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>284</volume>
<page-range>12198-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of renal ion transport by the calcium-sensing receptor an update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>437-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arpin Bot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loffing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human cortical distal nephron distribution of electrolyte and water transport pathways]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>836-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of potassium homeostasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>1050-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zacchia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abategiovanni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stratigis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potassium From physiology to clinical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>72-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgoignie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaplan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pincus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavellas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabinovitch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renal handling of potassium in dogs with chronic renal insufficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>482-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iseki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uehara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishime]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of the initial levels of laboratory variables on survival in chronic dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>541-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence for large intestinal control of potassium homoeostasis in uraemic patients undergoing long-term dialysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Sci (Lond)]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>247-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloisi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coppolino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of two different protocols of potassium haemodiafiltration on QT dispersion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1148-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margassery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bastani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life-threatening hyperkalemia and acidosis secondary to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>410-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rolfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potassium homeostasis and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>531-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gehr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yancy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperkalemia, congestive heart failure, and aldosterone receptor antagonism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Congest Heart Fail]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>224-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schambelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sebastian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biglieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence, pathogenesis, and functional significance of aldosterone deficiency in hyperkalemic patients with chronic renal insufficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>89-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batlle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arruda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurtzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperkalemic distal renal tubular acidosis associated with obstructive uropathy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>304</volume>
<page-range>373-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stajic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Putnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transient type 1 pseudo-hypoaldosteronism report on an eight-patient series and literature review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>2167-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Disse-Nicodeme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human hypertension caused by mutations in WNK kinases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>293</volume>
<page-range>1107-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klemm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tunny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The syndrome of Hypertension and hyperkalemia with normal GFR (Gordon's syndrome) is there increased proximal sodium reabsorption?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Invest Med]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>551-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>349</volume>
<page-range>776-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poggio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grancelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miriuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding the risk of hyperkalaemia in heart failure role of aldosterone antagonism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Postgrad Med J]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>136-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariceta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renal tubular handling of potassium in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perazella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug-induced hyperkalemia old culprits and new offenders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>307-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurkat-Rott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holzherr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fauler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sodium channelopathies of skeletal muscle result from gain or loss of función]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pflugers Arch]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>460</volume>
<page-range>239-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Owens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siparsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bajaj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correction of factitious hyperkalemia in hemolyzed specimens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>872-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehnhartdt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenesis, diagnosis and managemenet of hyperkalemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>377-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sanofi Aventis US</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Avapro(c) package insert]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>K/DOQI</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>Suppl1</numero>
<issue>Suppl1</issue>
<page-range>S1-290</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>K/DOQI</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[National Kidney Foundation Clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl2</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl2</issue>
<supplement>Suppl2</supplement>
<page-range>S1-140</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crompton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrition and growth in kidney disease CARI guidelines]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aust Fam Physician]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>253-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mactier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoenich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on haemodialysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephron Clin Pract]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl1</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl1</issue>
<supplement>Suppl1</supplement>
<page-range>c241-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fouque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vennegoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EBPG guideline on nutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl2</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl2</issue>
<supplement>Suppl2</supplement>
<page-range>II45-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>KDIGO 2012</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Practice Guideline or the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>Suppl 3</numero>
<issue>Suppl 3</issue>
<page-range>1-163</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aslam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ifudu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrocardiography is unreliable in detecting potentially lethal hyperkalaemia in haemodialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>1639-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raebel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hyperkalemia associated with use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cardiovasc Ther]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>e156-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henneman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guirguis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emerging therapies for the management of chronic hyperkalemia in the ambulatory care setting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Health-Syst Pharm]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>33-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sterns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ion-exchange resins for the treatment of hyperkalemia Are they safe and effective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>733-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Food and Drug Administration</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Safety: Kayexelate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate powder)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bashour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence for specialized atrioventricular conduction in hyperkalemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Electrocardiol]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>65-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kessler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the inpatient management of hyperkalemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Hosp Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>136-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of patiromer on serum potassium level in patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic kidney disease the AMETHYST-DN randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>314</volume>
<page-range>151-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bushinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>372</volume>
<page-range>211-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>68</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bushinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heartfailure (the PEARL-HF trial)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Heart J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>820-228</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<label>69</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stavros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of structure and function of ZS-9, a K+ selective ion trap]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<label>70</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuttal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[In vitro exchange capacity and selectivity of ZS-9, a novel, selective cation trap for the treatment of hyperkalemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>A115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<label>71</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A phase 2 study on the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease suggests that the selective potassium trap, ZS-9, is safe and efficient]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kidney Int]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>404-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<label>72</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosiborod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasmussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28 days among outpatients with hyperkalemia the HARMONIZE randomized clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>312</volume>
<page-range>2223-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<label>73</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Packham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasmussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate in hyperkalemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>372</volume>
<page-range>222-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<label>74</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaitman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dixit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridgeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potassium-binding agents for the clinical management of hyperkalemia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[P and T Journal]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<label>75</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zehnder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Culler-Brand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Plasma potassium in patients with terminal renal failure during and after haemodialysis; relationship with dialytic potassium removal and total body potassium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nephrol Dial Transplant]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1629-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<label>76</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Nicola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minutolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of dialysate sodium concentration on intradialytic increase of potassium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2337-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<label>77</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanghavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whiting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potassium balance in dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Dial]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>597-603</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<label>78</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prakash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adrogue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute decreases in serum potassium augment blood pressure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Kidney Dis]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>321-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<label>79</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of acetate-free biofiltration with a potassium-profiled dialysate on the control of cardiac arrhythmias in patients at risk a pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hemodial Int]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>108-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<label>80</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zandi-Nejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DBMK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Disorders of potassium balance.Brenner and Rector's the Kidney]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Saunders]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<label>81</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanghavi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whiting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potassium balance in dialysis patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Dial]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>597-603</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<label>82</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phosphorus and potassium content of enhanced meat and poultry products implications for patients who receive dialysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin J Am Soc Nephrol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1370-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<label>83</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perazella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug-induced hyperkalemia old culprits and new offenders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>307-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<label>84</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>National Kidney Foundation</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Potassium and your CKD diet]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
