<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-2391</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta pediátrica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta pediatr. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-2391</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Pediatría]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-23912018000300265</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18233/apm39no3pp265-2771611</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La influencia del exposoma en los primeros 1,000 días de vida y la salud gastrointestinal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The exposome influence in the first 1,000 days old and gastrointestinal health.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadros-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ignorosa-Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karen Rubi]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zá&#769;rate-Mondragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flora Elva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toro-Monjaraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erik]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes-Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montijo-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ericka]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena-León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Sierra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Mayans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Gastroenterología y nutrición pediátrica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Gastroenterología y nutrición pediátrica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Gastroenterología y nutrición pediátrica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Gastroenterología y nutrición pediátrica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Pediatría  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Gastroenterología y nutrición pediátrica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>265</fpage>
<lpage>277</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-23912018000300265&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-23912018000300265&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-23912018000300265&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Actualmente, sólo una pequeña proporción de enfermedades crónicas son explicadas por factores genéticos. Aunque el conocimiento acerca de la exposición ambiental es importante para determinar el origen de algunas enfermedades crónicas, éste aún es impreciso. La investigación en humanos en este tema se ha centrado, principalmente, en los efectos de una determinada exposición acerca de la salud. El concepto de "exposoma" abarca la totalidad de las exposiciones desde la concepción en adelante, complementando al genoma. La infancia temprana es una etapa de la vida particularmente vulnerable a la exposición ambiental. El exposoma gastrointestinal representa el conjunto de compuestos xenobióticos que afectan la función digestiva del huésped. Por lo tanto, una mejor comprensión de la interacción entre el microbioma y el exposoma gastrointestinal proporcionaría nuevas perspectivas de intervención clínica, a través de la regulación de los sistemas inmunológico, metabólico o neuroendocrino asociados con el intestino. Esta revisión de la bibliografía se enfoca en lo que representa el exposoma, su constructo teórico, importancia, características y la influencia de éste en los primeros mil días de vida y la salud gastrointestinal. Se revisaron 70 referencias bibliográficas, sobre todo artículos publicados en revistas académicas en relación con este tema a partir del año 2000 hasta la actualidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract It is world widely accepted that a relatively small proportion of chronic disease can be explained by genetic factors alone. Although information about environmental exposure is important to comprehensively evaluate chronic diseases, this information is not sufficiently or accurately assessed by comparison with genomic factors. Human research on this topic has generally focused on single exposure health effect relationships. The &#8220;exposome&#8221; concept encompasses the totality of exposures from conception onward, complementing the genome. Developmental periods in early life may be particularly vulnerable to impacts of environmental exposures. The gastrointestinal exposome represents the integration of all xenobiotic components affecting the host health, disease progression and ultimately clinical outcomes during the lifespan. Therefore, a better understanding the interaction between microbiome and the gastrointestinal exposome would provide new insights into the clinical intervention, through regulation of the gut-associated immunological, metabolic, or neuroendocrine system. This review of the literature focuses on exposome, its theoretical construct, importance, characteristics and influence in the first 1000 days old and gastrointestinal health. It was revised 70 bibliography references, especially articles published in academic journals, related to this subject from the year 2000 to present.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exposoma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[primeros días de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exposoma gastrointestinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunidad gastrointestinal e inflamación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[xenobiótico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Exposome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Early-life]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal exposome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microbiota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gastrointestinal immunity and inflammation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Xenobiotic]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yesupriya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimentel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gwinn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of cancer GWAS and candidate gene meta-analyses reveals limited overlap but similar effect sizes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Hum Genet]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>402-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Exposome and the Future of Epidemiology A Vision and Prospect]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wild]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complementing the genome with an "exposome" the outstanding challenge of environmental exposure measurement in molecular epidemiology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1847-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrijheid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Pregnancy Exposome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Environ Health Rep]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>204-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrijheid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Hazel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The human early-life exposome (HELIX) project rationale and design]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health Perspect]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>535-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ananthakrishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The exposome in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trop Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>135-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rappaport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implications of the exposome for exposure science]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>5-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental enteric dysfunction an overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Nutr Bull]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1 Suppl</numero>
<issue>1 Suppl</issue>
<page-range>S76-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medzhitov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The human gut microbiota and undernutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Transl Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>137ps112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wild]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The exposome from concept to utility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dennis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auerbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fallin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The importance of the biological impact of exposure to the concept of the exposome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health Perspect]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1504-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DeBord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lentz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Middendorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of the "exposome" in the practice of epidemiology a primer onomic technologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>302-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barouki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gluckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grandjean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heindel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developmental origins of non-communicable disease implications for research and public health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gluckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Echoes of the past Evolution, development, health and disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discov Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>401-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cory-Slechta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finkelstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health risks from lead-based ammunition in the environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health Perspect]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>A178-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gascon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrijheid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune systems a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Int]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>51-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[La Merrill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birnbaum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Childhood obesity and environmental chemicals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mt Sinai J Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wigle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbuckle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bérubé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epidemiologic evidence of relationships between reproductive and child health outcomes and environmental chemical contaminants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>373-517</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bousquet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auffray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akdis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cambon-Thomsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy) an integrated approach from phenotypes to systems medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Allergy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>596-604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallagher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hudgens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inmon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rhoney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanistic indicators of childhood asthma (MICA) study piloting an integrative design for evaluating environmental health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Public Health]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>344</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trasande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cronk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoeller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environment and obesity in the National Children's Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health Perspect]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<page-range>159-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van den Bergh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developmental programming of early brain and behaviour development and mental health a conceptual framework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dev Med Child Neurol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>Suppl 4</numero>
<issue>Suppl 4</issue>
<page-range>19-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stingone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buck Louis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakayama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermeulen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward greater implementation of the exposome research paradigm within environmental epidemiology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annu Rev Public Health]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>315-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbiome-Linked Crosstalk in the Gastroin-testinal Exposome towards Host Health and Disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>221-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamudio-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Mayans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ToroMonjaraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes-Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zárate-Mondragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montijo-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Importancia de la microbiota gastrointestinal en pediatría]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Pediatr Mex]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heavey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbialgut interactions in health and disease Gastrointestinal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>323-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murgas Torrazza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The developing intestinal microbiome and its relationship to health and disease in the neonate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Perinatol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>S29-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arumugam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgdorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manichanh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>464</volume>
<page-range>59-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arumugam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelletier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MetaHIT Consortium: Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>473</numero>
<issue>473</issue>
<page-range>174-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Linking long term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>334</volume>
<page-range>105-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Successful Transmission of a Retrovirus Depends on the Commensal Microbiota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>334</volume>
<page-range>245-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raymond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouameur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Déraspe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iqbal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gingras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dridi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The initial state of the human gut microbiome determines its reshaping by antibiotics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISME J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>707-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Healthy subjects differentially respond to dietary capsaicin correlating with specific gut enterotypes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Endocrinol Metab]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>4681-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiocchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards a &amp;apos;cure&amp;apos; for IBD]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>428-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiocchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrating omics the future of IBD?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Dis]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>96-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hildebrandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherrill-Mix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keilbaugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Highfat diet determines the composition of the murine gut microbiome independently of obesity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<page-range>1716-24.e1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Webster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holtrop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dominant and diet-responsive groups of bacteria within the human colonic microbiota]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISME J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>220-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scanlan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shanahan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&amp;apos;Mahony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marchesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Culture-independent analyses of temporal variation of the dominant fecal microbiota and targeted bacterial sub-groups in Crohn&amp;apos;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>3980-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepehri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotlowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krause]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial diversity of inflamed and noninflamed gut biopsy tissues in inflammatory bowel disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamm Bowel Dis]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>675-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TLR4 and MD-2 expression is regulated by immune-mediated signals in human intestinal epitelial cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>277</volume>
<page-range>20431-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fodor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szathmáry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of pure Fusarium toxins (T-2, F-2, DAS) on the microflora of the gut and on plasma glucocorticoid levels in rat and swine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>252</volume>
<page-range>384-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waché]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Postollec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bougeard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oswald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of deoxynivalenol on the intestinal microflora of pigs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>1-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Northrop-Clewes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Downes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intestinal permeability, mucosal injury, and growth faltering in Gambian infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>338</volume>
<page-range>907-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability associated with the subsequent acquisition of linear growth deficits in infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Trop Med Hyg]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<page-range>390-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prendergast]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rukobo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chasekwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stunting is characterized by chronic inflammation in Zimbabwean infants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bezirtzoglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and its probiotic profile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microb Ecol Health Dis]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>23</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waterman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fulco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Availability of specific reductases controls the temporal activity of the cytochrome P450 complement of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>494-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sperry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Presence of cytochrome c in Desulfomonas pigra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bacteriol]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>554-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eden Besten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Eunen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reijngoud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Lipid Res]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>2325-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jonkers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanhoutvin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Troost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brummer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review article the role of butyrate on colonic function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>104-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macfarlane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macfarlane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fermentation in the human large intestine its physiologic consequences and the potential contribution of prebiotics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>S120-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schilderink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verseijden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Jonge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary inhibitors of histone deacetylases in intestinal immunity and homeostasis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Immunol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>226</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schilderink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verseijden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seppen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Brink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The SCFA butyrate stimulates the epithelial production of retinoic acid via inhibition of epithelial HDAC]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>310</volume>
<page-range>G1138-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giardina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Butyrate suppresses Cox-2 activation in colon cancer cells through HDAC inhibition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem Biophys Res Commun]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>317</volume>
<page-range>463-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorburn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diet, metabolites, and "western-lifestyle" inflammatory diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immunity]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>833-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bercik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>141</volume>
<page-range>599-609.e1-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gut microbiota, nutrient sensing and energy balance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diabetes Obes Metab]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
<page-range>68-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<label>58</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bomhof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diet-induced changes in maternal gut microbiota and metabolomic profiles influence programming of offspring obesity risk in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>20683</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nettleton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Nutr]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>2399-409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Summanen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Xylooligosaccharide supplementation alters gut bacteria in both healthy and prediabetic adults a pilot study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Physiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>216</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tilg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moschen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food, immunity, and the microbiome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>148</volume>
<page-range>1107-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zelante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iannitti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Luca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giovannini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pieraccini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Immunity]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>372-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ikuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurosumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yatsuoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tissue distribution of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the intestine Implication of putative roles in tumor suppression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Cell Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>343</volume>
<page-range>126-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rannug]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in barrier organ physiology, immunology, and toxicology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacol Rev]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>259-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perdew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer friend and foe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Cancer]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>801-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartiala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative genome-wide association studies in mice and humans for trimethylamine N-oxide, a proatherogenic metabolite of choline and L carnitine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>1307-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klipfell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koeth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dugar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>472</volume>
<page-range>57-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>68</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koeth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Org]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheehy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>576-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<label>69</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holubec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhattacharyya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaitlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carcinogenicity of deoxycholate, a secondary bile acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>863-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<label>70</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saracut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molnar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todoran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vlase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turdean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Secondary bile acids effects in colon pathology Experimental mice study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Cir Bras]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>624-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
