<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-1042</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Contaduría y administración]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Contad. Adm]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-1042</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Contaduría y Administración]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-10422023000200111</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fca.24488410e.2023.3391</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis del desempleo en la actividad emprendedora de los sectores económicos: emprendimiento por oportunidad o necesidad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of unemployment in entrepreneurial activity within economic sectors: Entrepreneurship by opportunity or necessity]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Texis Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michelle]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán-Salomón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erika]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-10422023000200111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-10422023000200111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-10422023000200111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El artículo explora la discusión de los efectos del desempleo en el emprendimiento sectorial, bajo la línea de cómo el desempleo inhibe o propicia la creación de negocios. Para ello, se recopilaron datos de las entidades federativas mexicanas durante el periodo 2005-2019, elaborando un índice de actividad emprendedora. Con base en la disponibilidad de los datos, se propone un modelo de emprendimiento en función del desempleo junto a otras variables teóricas. Por medio de distintos métodos estadísticos, se encuentra cómo el desempleo contribuye positivamente en la iniciativa emprendedora de los tres sectores económicos de México. En este sentido, se concluye que el desempleo propicia el surgimiento de una proporción significativa de las empresas del país. Además, los efectos de otras variables explicativas de emprendimiento no difieren entre los sectores económicos, por lo tanto, dichos sectores comparten características similares en el desarrollo de emprendedores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The article explores the discussion of the effects of unemployment in sectorial entrepreneurship, under the line of how unemployment inhibits or favors the creation of businesses. For this, data was collected from the Mexican states during the period 2005-2019, developing an index of entrepreneurial activity. Based on data availability, an entrepreneurship model with unemployment and other theoretical variables is proposed. Different statistical methods find how unemployment contributes positively to the entrepreneurial initiative of the three economic sectors of Mexico. In this sense, this study concludes that unemployment encourages the emergence of business for the country in a significant proportion. Furthermore, the effects of other explanatory variables of entrepreneurship do not differ between economic sectors, therefore these sectors share similar characteristics in the development of entrepreneurs.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[actividad emprendedora]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desempleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sectores económicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emprendimiento por oportunidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emprendimiento por necesidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurial activity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unemployment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic sectors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurship by opportunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurship by necessity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Innovations: Technology, Governance and Globalization]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>97-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mickiewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szerb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: an ecosystem perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business economics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>501-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aghion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship and growth: lessons from an intellectual journey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A framework for addressing and measuring entrepreneurship]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alguacil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inward FDI and growth: The role of macroeconomic and institutional environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Policy Modeling]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>481-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emprendedores por necesidad: Factores determinantes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>166</volume>
<page-range>3-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apergis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An empirical note on entrepreneurship and unemployment: further evidence from US states]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some test of specification for panel data Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Economic Studies]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>277-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La econometría de datos de panel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigaciones Económicas]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minniti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>233-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Audretsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Management Decision]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>755-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Audretsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dohse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niebuhr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regional unemployment structure and new firm formation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Papers in Regional Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>51</numero>
<issue>51</issue>
<page-range>S115-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baptista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dynamics of causality between entrepreneurship and unemployment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>215-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beynon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickernell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The role of entrepreneurship, innovation, and urbanity-diversity on growth, unemployment, and income: US state-level evidence and an fsQCA elucidation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business Research]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<page-range>675-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheratian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goltabar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The unemployment-entrepreneurship nexus: new evidence from 30 Iranian provinces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Emerging Markets]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>469-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El emprendimiento por oportunidad versus el emprendimiento por necesidad en el Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica de Ciencia y Tecnología]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unemployment and entrepreneurship in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States: A spatial panel data analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Regional Studies]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chabusa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mackay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emprendimiento femenino por necesidad en Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Venezolana de Gerencia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>91</numero>
<issue>91</issue>
<page-range>1221-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devece]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peris-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rueda-Armengot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship during economic crisis: Success factors and paths to failure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>5366-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurial election and success: does education matter?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>239-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dohse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unemployment and new business formation - new insights into a complex relationship]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Economics Letters]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>523-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dvouletý]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is the relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment in Visegrad countries?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Central European Business Review]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>42-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leighton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some empirical aspects of entrepreneurship]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Audretsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economics of the Small Firms]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>79-99</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Dordrecht ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fairlie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fossen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Opportunity versus necessity entrepreneurship: two components of business creation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuestas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mourelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship and unemployment: a nonlinear bidirectional causality?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Modelling]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1282-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fritsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kritikos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pijnenburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Business cycles, unemployment, and entrepreneurial entry - evidence from Germany]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>267-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez-Picazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castaño-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crecimiento, progreso económico y emprendimiento]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Innovation &amp; Knowledge]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>62-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Specification test in econometrics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1251-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Macias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zerón-Félix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores de entorno determinantes del emprendimiento en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Entramado]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>88-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jungbauer-Gans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Starting a business after unemployment: characteristics and chance of success (empirical evidence from regional German labour market)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship &amp; Regional Development]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>317-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marlow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New firm foundation and unemployment: A note on research method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Small Business Journal]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>62-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matlay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Researching entrepreneurship and education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education + Training]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>8/9</numero>
<issue>8/9</issue>
<page-range>704-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neffa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La teoría neoclásica ortodoxa y su interpretación del mercado laboral]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neffa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teorías económicas sobre el mercado de trabajo II: neoclásicos y nuevos keynesianos]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>21-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura de Argentina]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship as a euphemism for self-employment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<page-range>128-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meager]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does unemployment lead to self-employment?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>87-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creación de empresas, modelos de innovación y PYMES]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos del CENDES]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>83</numero>
<issue>83</issue>
<page-range>53-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plummer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haynie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godesiabois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An essay on the origins of entrepreneurial opportunity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>363-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emprendimientos y desarrollo manufactureros en las entidades federativas de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Problemas de Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>174</numero>
<issue>174</issue>
<page-range>167-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erkko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Bono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global entrepreneurship monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998-2003]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>205-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritsila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tervo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of unemployment on new firm formation: Micro-level panel data evidence from Finland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>31-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra-Leyva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Texis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El factor institucional en el emprendimiento por oportunidad de América Latina y el Caribe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Innovar]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>73</numero>
<issue>73</issue>
<page-range>99-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Storey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The birth of new firms - Does unemployment matter? A review of the evidence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Small Business Economics]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>167-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Texis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El efecto del desempleo en el emprendimiento de las entidades federativas de México ¿creación de empresas por oportunidad o por necesidad?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Temas selectos de mercados laborales: problemáticas de actualidad en México]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>43-67</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Puebla ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California y Consejo de la Ciencia y Tecnología del estado de Puebla]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Texis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El papel del capital emprendedor en México, 200-2014]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mungaray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía del emprendimiento y las pequeñas empresas en México]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>15-33</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tijuana ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Porrúa y Universidad Autónoma Baja de California]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Udimal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mensah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How has formal institutions influenced opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship? The case of BRICS economies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heliyon]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uttermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emprendimiento: factores esenciales para su constitución]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Venezolana de Gerencia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>90</numero>
<issue>90</issue>
<page-range>709-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiklund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikolaev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entrepreneurship and well-being: past, present, and future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business Venturing]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>579-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
