<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3880</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias marinas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. mar]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3880</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-38802023000100131</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7773/cm.y2023.3384</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Where are resilience-based management strategies appropriate for coral reefs? Mapping environmental conditions and trends in coral cover in Guam and American Samoa]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Dónde son apropiadas las estrategias de gestión basadas en la resiliencia para los arrecifes de coral? Mapeo de las condiciones ambientales y las tendencias de la cubierta coralina en Guam y Samoa Americana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moritsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monica M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miranda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Western Geographic Science Center U.S. Geological Survey ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Moffett Field California]]></addr-line>
<country>United States of America</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Ecologic Consulting  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kailua Hawaii]]></addr-line>
<country>United States of America</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-38802023000100131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-38802023000100131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-38802023000100131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Resilience-based management strategies are gaining attention as tools to improve coral survival and recovery under increasingly stressful conditions. Prioritizing locations to implement these strategies depends on knowing where corals already show potential signs of resilience and how environmental conditions may shift with climate change. We synthesized environmental conditions and coral cover trends in Guam and American Samoa using present-day climate conditions and 2 future climate scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. We examined the spatial overlap between favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions and locations where coral reefs have maintained or increased coral cover over the past decade. Locations representing 4 combinations of the aforementioned characteristics may be subject to different management strategies: (1) conservation and restoration of robust corals, (2) restoration of declining corals, (3) conservation of genetic material of robust corals and stressor mitigation, and (4) no clear strategy for declining corals. We estimated areas in which multiple management actions could be performed based on these combinations. Under present-day climate conditions, the conservation of genetic material and stressor mitigation were overrepresented in Guam, comprising 23% of the study area; this declined to 15% in future climate scenarios. Coral restoration was at first underrepresented (0%). In American Samoa, the proportional area for each strategy remained consistent regardless of climate. Coral restoration was overrepresented, comprising 54% to 56% of the study area, whereas the conservation of genetic material and stressor mitigation were underrepresented (9% to 11%, respectively). Our approach offers a rapid way to assess where potential management actions could be applied based on data aggregated over large spatial extents, which can complement more detailed, labor-intensive assessments of reef community dynamics, particularly if distinct coral communities inform the boundaries of aggregation units. These results may guide managers in selecting ecologically suitable locations for implementing resilience-based management strategies for coral reefs.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las estrategias de gestión basadas en la resiliencia están ganando atención como herramientas para la supervivencia y recuperación de corales en condiciones crecientemente estresantes. La priorización de sitios para aplicar estrategias depende de dónde los corales muestran signos de resiliencia y cómo las condiciones ambientales pueden cambiar con el cambio climático. Sintetizamos las condiciones ambientales y tendencias de cobertura de coral en Guam y Samoa Americana utilizando condiciones climáticas actuales y 2 escenarios climáticos futuros: trayectorias de concentración representativas 4.5 y 8.5. Examinamos la superposición espacial entre condiciones ambientales favorables y desfavorables y lugares en los que arrecifes de coral mantuvieron o aumentaron su cobertura en la última década. Ubicaciones que representan 4 combinaciones de las características mencionadas pueden presentar diferentes estrategias de gestión: (1) conservación/restauración de corales robustos, (2) restauración de corales en declive, (3) conservación del material genético de corales robustos/mitigación de factores estresantes y (4) ninguna estrategia clara para corales en declive. En función de estas combinaciones, estimamos áreas potenciales para implementar múltiples acciones de gestión. Bajo condiciones climáticas actuales, la conservación del material genético/mitigación de factores estresantes estaban sobrerrepresentadas en Guam: 23% del área que disminuyó a 15% en escenarios futuros. La restauración del coral estaba inicialmente subrepresentada (0%). En Samoa Americana, la superficie proporcional para cada estrategia fue constante. La restauración del coral estaba sobrerrepresentada con 54-56% del área; la conservación del material genético y mitigación de factores estresantes estaban infrarrepresentadas (9% y 11%, respectivamente). Nuestro enfoque ofrece una forma rápida de evaluar dónde aplicar medidas de gestión con datos agregados sobre grandes extensiones para complementar evaluaciones detalladas y laboriosas de la dinámica de comunidades arrecifales, especialmente si las distintas comunidades coralinas delimitan las unidades de agregación. Estos resultados pueden orientar a gestores para seleccionar sitios ecológicamente adecuados para aplicar estrategias basadas en la resiliencia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recovery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[resilience]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coral bleaching]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[recuperación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resiliencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[blanqueamiento coralino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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