<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3880</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciencias marinas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cienc. mar]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3880</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-38802021000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7773/cm.v47i2.3162</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dynamics of changes in land use and estimation of CO2 in mangroves in the Marismas Nacionales area, Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Dinámica de cambios de uso de suelo y estimación de CO2 en manglares de la zona Marismas Nacionales, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plata-Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wenseslao]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olimón-Andalon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monjardín-Armenta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nemiga-Antonio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xanath]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y el Espacio ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca de Lerdo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>105</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-38802021000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-38802021000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-38802021000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In recent years, 20% of mangroves have been lost to deforestation worldwide. Mexico is one of the countries with the greatest loss in mangrove surface area, contributing to CO2 emissions and promoting climate change. However, knowledge about the factors that influence the loss and gain in mangroves, CO2 emissions, and the dynamics of land use and vegetation cover at local and regional scales is lacking. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze land use dynamics in the Marismas Nacionales area (Mexico) from 1981 to 2015, to determine the rate of mangrove deforestation and annual degradation, and to estimate the CO2 emissions derived from these processes using geographic information system techniques. To determine land use changes, we used the cross-tabulation matrix and obtained various change parameters that allowed generating an equation to estimate the rates of deforestation and degradation. We used data from the National Inventory of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Compounds (Mexico) to estimate CO2 emissions and absorptions (equivalent, CO2e) prompted by mangrove deforestation, degradation, reforestation, and natural recovery. For the 1981-2005 period, the emissions estimate was 432.50 Gg of CO2e due to the annual mangrove deforestation rate of 0.77%, and degradation was 27.16 Gg of CO2e, with an annual rate of 7.64%. For the 2005-2015 period, the emissions estimate was 145.21 Gg of CO2e due to an annual deforestation rate of 0.44%, and degradation was 24.80 Gg of CO2e, with an annual rate of 4.94%. The greatest mangrove loss was due to transformation into land in the agricultural-livestock and anthropic development categories. Degradation was due to natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En los últimos años, se ha deforestado el 20% de manglar a nivel mundial. México es de los países con mayor pérdida de superficie de mangle, algo que contribuye a las emisiones de CO2 e impulsa el cambio climático. Sin embargo, falta conocimiento sobre los factores que influyen en la pérdida y la ganancia del manglar, las emisiones de CO2, y la dinámica de usos de suelo y cobertura vegetal a escala local y regional. Por tanto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar la dinámica de uso de suelo en la zona de Marismas Nacionales (México) durante el periodo 1981-2015, determinar la tasa de deforestación y degradación anual del manglar y estimar las emisiones de CO2 derivadas de estos procesos utilizando técnicas de información geográfica. Para determinar los cambios de uso de suelo, con la matriz de tabulación cruzada, se adquirieron diversos parámetros de cambio que permitieron generar una ecuación para estimar la tasa de deforestación y degradación. Con los datos del Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de Gases y Compuestos de Efecto Invernadero (México), se estimaron las emisiones y las absorciones de CO2 (equivalente, CO2e) promovidas por deforestación, degradación, reforestación y recuperación natural de manglares. Para el periodo 1981-2005, la emisión estimada fue de 432.50 Gg de CO2e debido a una tasa anual de deforestación del 0.77%, y la degradación fue de 27.16 Gg de CO2e a una tasa anual de1 7.64%. Para el periodo 2005-2015, la emisión fue de 145.21 Gg de CO2e debido a una tasa anual de deforestación del 0.44%, y la degradación fue de 24.80 Gg de CO2e a una tasa anual del 4.94%. La mayor pérdida de manglar se debió a la transformación a suelos con categorías de agrícola-pecuario y desarrollo antrópico. La degradación sucedió por fenómenos naturales y actividades antropogénicas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mangrove]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deforestation rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[degradation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CO2 emission]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manglar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa de deforestación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[degradación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emisión de CO2]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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