<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3325</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Salud mental]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud Ment]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3325</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33252016000100037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2015.066</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anxiolytic and sedative-like effects of flavonoids from Tilia Americana var. Mexicana: GABAergic and serotonergic participation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto ansiolítico y sedante de flavonoides de Tilia Americana var. Mexicana: participación GABAérgica y serotonérgica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Trujano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ma. Eva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrazas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Santoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Josefina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara-Fefer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33252016000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33252016000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33252016000100037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  INTRODUCTION: The inflorescences of Tilia americana var. mexicana are used as an infusion in Mexican traditional medicine due to their tranquilizing effects; however, pharmacological and phytochemical studies of the leaves are lacking.  OBJECTIVE: In this research, the anxiolytic and sedative-like efficacy of the Tilia americana var. mexicana leaves was compared to that obtained with its inflorescences and flavonoids therein identified, as well as the possible mechanism of action.  METHODS: The sorted and dried inflorescences and leaves were macerated subsequently in hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The methanol extracts were qualitative- and quantitative-analyzed by HPLC, using commercial flavonoids standards selected on the basis of their previously reported presence in Tilia species. The pharmacological activity was evaluated in CD-1 mice in the tests: open-field, elevated plus-maze, hole-board, and the sodium pentobarbital-induced sleep potentiation test. In regard to the mechanism of action, participation of benzodiazepine and 5-HT1A serotonin receptors was tested with the respective antagonists: flumazenil and WAY100635.  RESULTS: The presence of quercetin, rutin and isoquercitrin was confirmed in the extracts of the inflorescences and leaves. The anxiolytic-like effects were the same between the two organs, which were inhibited in the presence of flumazenil and WAY100635.  DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence that the extracts of the leaves of T. americana var. mexicana are as efficacious as the inflorescences to produce anxiolytic and sedative-like effects, where flavonoids like quercetin, rutin and isoquercitrin are partially responsible for these activities by the involvement of GABA/BDZ and 5HT1A serotonergic receptors.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  INTRODUCCIÓN: En la medicina tradicional mexicana, la infusión de inflorescencias de Tilia americana var. mexicana es utilizada por sus efectos tranquilizantes; sin embargo, los estudios farmacológicos y fitoquímicos de sus hojas son deficientes.  OBJETIVO: En esta investigación, la eficacia ansiolítico-sedante de las hojas de T. americana var. mexicana se comparó con la obtenida con las inflorescencias y los flavonoides previamente identificados; se analizó además el posible mecanismo de acción.  MÉTODOS: Inflorescencias y hojas separadas y secas se maceraron sucesivamente en hexano, acetato de etilo y metanol. Los extractos metanólicos se analizaron cualitativa y cuantitativamente por HPLC usando estándares comerciales de flavonoides previamente reportados en especies de Tilia. La actividad farmacológica se evaluó en ratones CD-1 en las pruebas de campo abierto, cruz elevada, tablero con orificios y la prueba de potenciación de hipnosis inducida por pentobarbital sódico. Respecto al mecanismo de acción, la participación de los receptores de benzodiazepinas y 5-HT1A de serotonina se examinó utilizando los antagonistas flumazenil y WAY100635, respectivamente.  RESULTADOS: La presencia de quercetina, rutina e isoquercitrina se confirmó en los extractos de inflorescencias y hojas, donde se confirmó el efecto como ansiolítico, el cual fue inhibido en la presencia de flumazenil y WAY100635.  DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados dan evidencia de que las hojas de T. americana var. mexicana son tan eficaces como las inflorescencias para producir efectos ansiolítico-sedantes, donde los flavonoides quercetina, rutina e isoquercitrina son responsables parciales y se involucra la participación de los receptores GABA/BDZ y 5HT1A de serotonina.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anxiety]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[isoquercitrin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[quercetin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rutin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sedative]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tilia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ansiedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[isoquercitrina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[quercetina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rutina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sedante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tilia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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