<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092026000100010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2509-3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio comparativo in vitro e in vivo de la antracnosis en papaya (Carica papaya) causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y Colletotrichum truncatum]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative in vitro and in vivo study of anthracnose in papaya (Carica papaya) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum truncatum]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuridia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda-Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celerino]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiago-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gisela Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Gallegos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnológico Nacional de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Oaxaca]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR-Unidad Oaxaca  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán Oaxaca]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Antecedentes/Objetivo. Mundialmente, México es el principal exportador de papaya fresca, donde Oaxaca es el mayor productor nacional. Sin embargo, la antracnosis, enfermedad causada por especies del complejo Colletotrichum spp., puede llegar a afectar hasta el 40 % de la producción. El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar al agente causal de la antracnosis en localidades productoras de Oaxaca y evaluar la eficacia de diferentes productos (químicos y biológicos) en la reducción de la severidad de esta enfermedad bajo condiciones in vitro e in vivo.  Desarrollo experimental. Se realizó un muestreo de frutos con lesiones de antracnosis en 12 sitios de los municipios de Villa de Tututepec de Melchor Ocampo y Santa María Huazolotitlán, costa de Oaxaca. Los aislamientos se identificaron mediante análisis morfológicos y microcultivos. Tres fungicidas químicos (procloraz, benomilo y azoxystrobin) y tres biológicos (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus cereus) fueron evaluados in vitro e in vivo, con un diseño completamente al azar, con comparación de medias Duncan (p &#8804; 0.005).  Resultados. Se identificaron Colletotrichum gloeosporioides y C. truncatum asociados a la antracnosis. En las pruebas in vitro, procloraz fue el tratamiento más eficaz, con valores de inhibición de 86.42 % frente a C. truncatum y 48.66 % frente a C. gloeosporioides, alcanzando una efectividad general del 75 %. Asimismo, B. subtilis y Trichoderma sp. mostraron una alta eficacia in vitro (&#8805; 70 %), evidenciando un potencial de control biológico en condiciones de laboratorio.  Conclusiones. Se confirmaron a C. gloeosporioides (en el 66.7 % de los sitios muestreados) y a C. truncatum (en el 33.3 % de los sitios muestreadas) como causantes de la antracnosis en papaya en la región Costa de Oaxaca. En las pruebas in vivo, procloraz fue el tratamiento más efectivo con 75 % de efectividad contra C. truncatum y 50 % contra C. gloeosporioides, Benomilo mostró una efectividad intermedia, con 65 % en C. truncatum y 45 % en C. gloeosporioides, con severidades de 60-73 %. Los tratamientos biológicos mostraron baja efectividad: Trichoderma sp. (35 % y 15 %) y B. subtilis (25 % y 30 %) para C. gloeosporioides y C. truncatum, respectivamente, con severidades elevadas entre 73 y 93 %. B. cereus y azoxystrobin presentaron un comportamiento intermedio, con 30-40 % de efectividad y severidades de 75-86 %. En conjunto, los resultados indican que los fungicidas sistémicos superaron en más del 30-40 % de efectividad a los agentes biológicos, los cuales mostraron controles inferiores al 35 % y severidades mayores al 80 %, confirmando su limitado desempeño en poscosecha.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT   Background/Objetive. Globally, Mexico is the leading exporter of fresh papaya, with Oaxaca being the largest national producer. However, anthracnose, a disease caused by species of the Colletotrichum spp. complex, can affect up to 40% of production. The objective of the research was to identify the causal agent of anthracnose in producing localities of Oaxaca and to evaluate the effectiveness of different products (chemical and biological) in reducing the severity of this disease under in vitro and in vivo conditions.  Experimental Development. A sampling of fruits with anthracnose lesions was carried out at 12 sites in the municipalities of Villa de Tututepec de Melchor Ocampo and Santa María Huazolotitlán, Costa de Oaxaca. The isolates were identified by morphological analysis and microcultures. Three chemical fungicides (prochloraz, benomyl and azoxystrobin) and three biological fungicides (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus cereus) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, with a completely randomized design, with Duncan's mean comparison (p &#8804; 0.005).  Results. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. truncatum were identified as being associated with anthracnose. In in vitro tests, prochloraz was the most effective treatment, with inhibition values of 86.42% against C. truncatum and 48.66% against C. gloeosporioides, achieving an overall effectiveness of 75%. Likewise, B. subtilis and Trichoderma sp. showed high in vitro efficacy (&#8805; 70%), demonstrating a potential for biological control under laboratory conditions.  Conclusions. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (in 66.7% of the sampled sites) and C. truncatum (in 33.3% of the sampled sites) were confirmed as the cause of anthracnose in papaya in the Costa region of Oaxaca. In in vivo tests, prochloraz was the most effective treatment with 75% effectiveness against C. truncatum and 50% against C. gloeosporioides. Benomyl showed intermediate effectiveness, with 65% against C. truncatum and 45% against C. gloeosporioides, with severities of 60-73%. Biological treatments showed low effectiveness: Trichoderma sp. (35 and 15%) and B. subtilis (25 and 30%) for C. gloeosporioides and C. truncatum, respectively, with high severities between 73 and 93%. B. cereus and azoxystrobin showed intermediate behavior, with 30- 40% effectiveness and severities of 75-86%. Overall, the results indicate that systemic fungicides outperformed biological agents by more than 30-40% in effectiveness, while biological agents showed less than 35% control and greater than 80% severity, confirming their limited performance in post-harvest.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biocontrol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carica papaya]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colletotrichum spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plaguicida sintético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biocontrol]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carica papaya]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colletotrichum spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Synthetic pesticide]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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