<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092026000100007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2410-3</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividad antimicrobiana y cuantificación de ricinina en Ricinus communis frente a bacterias fitopatógenas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antimicrobial activity and ricinine quantification in Ricinus communis against phytopathogenic bacteria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angulo-Escalante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Angel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Lachica]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Villa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edith]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojo-Báez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Indira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Landeros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Federico]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez Zequera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isidro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Báez-Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karla Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Coordinación Culiacán ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Biología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Culiacán Sinaloa]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Antecedentes/Objetivo . Los metabolitos de higuerilla o ricino (Ricinus communis), como el alcaloide ricinina, tienen propiedades antibacterianas con potencial para combatir bacterias fitopatógenas como Xanthomonas perforans, Acidovorax citrulli, Clavibacter michiganensis y Ralstonia solanacearum, convirtiéndolo en una alternativa natural a los químicos convencionales. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos metanólicos de hojas de accesiones de ricino y cuantificar la ricinina mediante HPTLC para determinar su efectividad como agente bactericida.  Desarrollo experimental. Las hojas de nueve accesiones de higuerilla fueron molidas y tamizadas para preparar extractos metanólicos codificados como: clave 1+, 2+, 4+, 5+, 6+, 7+, 8+, 9+ y 10+. La ricinina en los extractos se cuantificó por HPTLC. Para determinar la actividad antibacteriana se reactivaron y cultivaron en medio selectivo las bacterias fitopatógenas Xanthomonas perforans, Acidovorax citrulli, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, y Ralstonia solanacearum con concentraciones de los extractos al 100, 75, 50 y 25 % y un control químico Finalbacter® (Sulfato de Gentamicina y Clorhidrato de Oxitetraciclina), el análisis se realizó por triplicado.  Resultados. Los extractos identificados como 2+ y 5+ demostraron ser los más efectivos, con un halo de inhibición de 18.94 mm y 17.23 mm, respectivamente. Ralstonia solanacearum mostró la mayor inhibición (21.6 mm), seguido por A. citrulli y X. perforans (19.26 mm cada uno) y C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (12.21 mm). Las concentraciones del 100 y 75 % presentaron los mayores halos de inhibición (20.6 mm y 19.8 mm), en comparación con las concentraciones más bajas y el control químico. Se cuantificaron concentraciones de ricinina de 0.88 a 2.14 mg g&#8315;¹.  Conclusión. Las accesiones 2+ y 5+ de Ricinus communis, mostraron potencial como una opción natural para el control de bacterias fitopatogénicas, con un promedio de 19.31 mm y 17.92 mm de halo de inhibición respectivamente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT   Background/Objective . Metabolites of castor bean (Ricinus communis), such as the alkaloid ricinine, have antibacterial properties with the potential to combat phytopathogenic bacteria such as Xanthomonas perforans, Acidovorax citrulli, Clavibacter michiganensis, and Ralstonia solanacearum, making it a natural alternative to conventional chemicals. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from castor bean leaf accessions and quantify ricinine using HPTLC to determine its effectiveness as a bactericidal agent.  Experimental development . The leaves of nine castor bean accessions were ground and sieved to prepare methanolic extracts coded as: 1+, 2+, 4+, 5+, 6+, 7+, 8+, 9+, and 10+. Ricinine in the extracts was quantified by HPTLC. To determine antibacterial activity, the phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas perforans, Acidovorax citrulli, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and Ralstonia solanacearum were reactivated and cultured in selective medium with concentrations of the extracts at 100, 75, 50, and 25% and a chemical control Finalbacter® (Gentamicin Sulfate and Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride). The analysis was performed in triplicate.  Results. The extracts identified as 2+ and 5+ proved to be the most effective, with inhibition halos of 18.94 mm and 17.23 mm, respectively. Ralstonia solanacearum showed the greatest inhibition (21.6 mm), followed by A. citrulli and X. perforans (19.26 mm each) and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (12.21 mm). The 100% and 75% concentrations showed the largest inhibition halos (20.6 mm and 19.8 mm), compared to the lower concentrations and the chemical control. Ricinine concentrations ranging from 0.88 to 2.14 mg g&#8315;¹ were quantified.  Conclusion . Accessions 2+ and 5+ of Ricinus communis showed potential as a natural option for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria, with an average inhibition zone of 19.31 mm and 17.92 mm, respectively.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ricino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bioactivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fitopatología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Extractos metanólicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Castor bean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bioactive compounds]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plant pathology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Methanolic extracts]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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