<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092026000100004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2508-1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Actividad antifúngica de micropartículas de ZnO con distintas morfologías frente a Rhizoctonia sp.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antifungal activity using ZnO microparticles with different morphologies against Rhizoctonia sp.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flor A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantoja-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paraguay-Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Antecedentes/Objetivo. El objetivo principal del estudio fue sintetizar micropartículas (MP) de óxido de zinc (ZnO) con tres tipos de morfologías (prismas, laminas y varillas) para evaluar su actividad antifúngica contra Rhizoctonia sp. Se planteó la hipótesis de que la morfología y la concentración de ZnO son factores clave que influyen en la eficacia antifúngica, sugiriendo que el control morfológico de partículas de ZnO puede aportar en el tratamiento de enfermedades fúngicas.  Materiales y Métodos. Las MP de ZnO se sintetizaron mediante el método hidrotérmico para obtener tres morfologías: prismas, laminas y varillas. Se caracterizaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) y difracción de rayos X (DRX). Se evaluó la actividad antifúngica de ZnO a concentraciones de 200, 500 y 1000 ppm frente a Rhizoctonia sp. Se realizó un análisis estadístico utilizando ANOVA y la prueba diferencia mínima significativa (LSD) de Fisher para evaluar los efectos de la morfología, la concentración y el tiempo sobre el crecimiento fúngico.  Resultados. Se observó una inhibición de crecimiento significativa de Rhizoctonia sp. bajo las concentraciones 500 y 1000 ppm de ZnO. Mientras que la inhibición entre el control negativo y la concentración de 200 ppm de ZnO no fue significativa. Además, se identificó la formación de esclerocios a la concentración más baja (200 ppm) en todas las muestras de ZnO, así como a 500 ppm con la morfología laminar (ZnO-L). La evaluación microscópica a 200 ppm también reveló daños estructurales en las hifas y condensación citoplasmática. Sin embargo, esto no se encontró en los tratamientos a 1000 ppm. Las partículas de ZnO con morfología de varillas (ZnO-R) mostraron la actividad antifúngica más eficaz.  Conclusión . Las partículas ZnO-R mostraron una prometedora actividad antifúngica contra Rhizoctonia sp. La eficacia aumentó a concentraciones de 500 y 1000 ppm, lo que dio lugar a una inhibición significativa del crecimiento fúngico. La morfología y la concentración de las partículas son factores clave que influyen en el crecimiento antifúngico. Este resultado demuestra que la morfología de las partículas de ZnO desempeña un papel crucial en el control de las enfermedades fúngicas con Rhizoctonia sp.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT   Background/Objetive. The main objective of the study was to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) microparticles (MP) with three types of morphologies (prisms, platelets, and rods) in order to assess their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia sp. It was hypothesized that morphology and concentration were key factors influencing antifungal efficacy. To suggest the potential of customized nanoparticle design in the treatment of fungal diseases.  Materials and Methods. The ZnO MPs were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, designed to obtain three morphologies: prisms, platelets, and rods. They were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antifungal activity was evaluated at concentrations of 200, 500, and 1000 ppm against Rhizoctonia sp. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test to evaluate the effects of morphology, concentration and time on fungal growth.  Results. At concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm of MPs, show significant inhibition of Rhizoctonia sp. was observed. While at 200 ppm, no significant inhibition was observed compared to the negative control. Sclerotia formation was observed at the lowest concentration in all samples, especially in those with lamellar morphology (ZnO-L) up to 500 ppm. Microscopic evaluation at 200 ppm also revealed structural damage to the hyphae and cytoplasmic condensation. However, this was not observed in the 1000 ppm treatments. Among the different morphologies, ZnO rods (ZnO-R) showed the most effective antifungal activity.  Conclusion . Particles with elongated morphology (rods) showed promising antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia sp. The efficacy increased at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm, resulting in significant inhibition of fungal growth. The morphology and concentration of the particles are key factors influencing antifungal growth. This result demonstrates that particle morphology plays a crucial role in controlling fungal diseases.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ZnO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hongo patógeno]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hidrotermal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[MEB]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[DRX]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inhibición micelial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Zinc oxide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pathogenic fungi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hydrothermal synthesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SEM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[XRD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mycelial inhibition]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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