<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092025000300007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2405-7</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diversidad genética de Fusarium oxysporum asociado a la marchitez por Fusarium en banano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum associated to the banana Fusarium wilt]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzo-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leopardi-Verde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buenrostro-Nava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Tulio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canto-Canché]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blondy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Colima  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tecomán ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tecomán Colima]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092025000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092025000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092025000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes/Objetivo. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar aislamientos de Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) de diferentes regiones productoras de banano de México, empleando marcadores SSR.  Materiales y Métodos. Se recolectaron pseudotallos (Musa spp.) de plantas de banano y plátano (Musa spp.) de las variedades &#8216;PisangAwak&#8217; (ABB), &#8216;Manzano&#8217; (AAB), y &#8216;Pera&#8217; (ABB) que mostraron marchitez, en parcelas comerciales de cinco regiones productoras de México: en los estados de Colima, Michoacán, Jalisco, Nayarit y Yucatán. Seis loci de SSR fueron analizados para determinar la estructura poblacional sobre 96 aislamientos de Fusarium oxysporum. El número y frecuencia de haplotipos fue calculado en POPGENE. Con esta información, la similaridad genética de las poblaciones fue estimada usando el índice de disimilaridad de Morisita empleando el paquete R. Con los datos de haplotipos, se realizó un análisis de varianza molecular para evaluar la diferenciación genética entre regiones (FCT), entre poblaciones en cada región (FSC), y entre todas las poblaciones incluidas en el análisis (FST). Adicionalmente, para ilustrar las relaciones entre haplotipos, y su distribución y frecuencia entre las poblaciones muestreadas fue generado una red de expansión mínima.  Resultados. Después de siete días en cultivo PDA, todos los aislamientos mostraron micelio blanco algodonoso, el cuales fue planos o aéreos, y presentaron coloración en la superficie superior de violeta claro a violeta oscuro. Sin embargo, en la superficie inferior, las colonias presentaron coloraciones desde naranja hasta rojo oscuro. Se observaron monofiálides cortas, unicelulares o bicelulares, con microconidios ovalados. Los macroconidios fueron falciformes y con tres o cuatro septos. Estas características se ajustan a los criterios taxonómicos de F. oxysporum. Todos los loci analizados fueron polimórficos en los 96 aislamientos de Fo. Se detectaron 16 haplotipos, de los cuales el más frecuente y común fue el H16; los demás fueron poco comunes y podrían estar ampliamente dispersos o restringidos a una o dos poblaciones. Además, no se encontró diferencias genéticas entre las tres poblaciones analizadas, así como tampoco se determinó una estructura genética ni diferenciación a ningún nivel de comparación. Estos hallazgos se relacionan como un complejo de los aislamientos de Fo, no necesariamente relacionados con las razas Foc reportadas en banano.  Conclusión. Los análisis no detectaron diferencias genéticas significativas entre las poblaciones estudiadas de Fo, ni se encontró estructura ni diferenciación genética a ningún nivel. Por lo tanto, nuestros datos sugieren que las poblaciones analizadas constituyen una única metapoblación, a pesar de la presencia de haplotipos poco frecuentes o únicos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT   Background/Objective. The research objective was to analyze Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) isolates from different banana regions from México using SSR markers.  Materials and Methods. Pseudostems of Musa plants exhibiting wilt-disease were sampled from &#8216;Pisang Awak&#8217; (ABB), &#8216;Silk&#8217; (AAB), and &#8216;Bluggoe&#8217; (ABB) varieties collected on commercial orchards of five banana-producing areas of México: Colima, Michoacán, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Yucatán states. Six SSR loci were analyzed for population structure based on 96 Fusarium oxysporum isolates. The number and frequency of haplotypes were calculated in POPGENE. With this data, using the dissimilarity index of Morisita in the R package vegan, the genetic similarity of the populations was estimated. With the haplotype data, we also conducted a molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) to evaluate the genetic differentiation between regions (FCT), among populations in each region (FSC), and among all populations included in the analysis (FST). Additionally, to illustrate the relations among haplotypes, and their distribution and frequency among sampled populations we generate a minimum spanning network.   Results. After seven days of PDA culture, all isolates had cottony white mycelia, which can be flat to aerial, and can be colored on the upper surfaces from light violet to dark violet. But on the bottom surfaces, the colony can have colorations from orange to dark red. We observed short monophialides, unicellular or bicellular with oval microconidia. Macroconidia were falciform, and with three to four septa. Putatively, these characteristics fit the F. oxysporum taxonomic criteria. All tested loci were polymorphic across the 96 Foc. We detect 16 haplotypes, of which the most frequent and common was the H16; the others were rare and could be widely dispersed or restricted to one or two populations. Also, we did not find genetic differences among the three analyzed populations, as well as we did not find genetic structure or differentiation at any level. These findings are related to Foc isolates as a complex not necessarily to those related to Foc races.  Conclusion . Our analyses did not detect significant genetic differences between the Fo populations studied, nor did we find genetic structure or differentiation at any level. Therefore, our data suggests that the analyzed populations constitute a single metapopulation, despite the presence of infrequent or unique haplotypes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[R4T]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Genotipos de banano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Marcadores SSR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Foc R4T]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Banana genotypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SSR markers]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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