<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092024000200302</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2312-1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cuantificación digital aérea y terrestre de la severidad causada por cenicilla polvosa en frijol Ayocote (Phaseolus coccineus)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aerial and terrestrial digital images for quantification of powdery mildew severity in Ayocote bean (Phaseolus coccineus)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Alcalá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acevedo-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bibiano-Nava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivonne]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Alistac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armenta-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zúñiga-Romano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rene]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coria-Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Serafín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-Diego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ CDMX]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092024000200302&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092024000200302&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092024000200302&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo/Antecedentes. La investigación epidemiológica en Phaseolus coccineus es insipiente. El objetivo fue desarrollar y validar metodologías digitales para cuantificación de severidad asociada a la cenicilla polvosa en frijol ayocote.  Materiales y Métodos. Se seleccionó una parcela de frijol ayocote con 65.3 % de incidencia y 22.7 % de severidad promedio foliar de cenicilla polvosa. A partir de 250 foliolos colectados en campo con distintos grados de severidad, se diseñaron y validaron ocho escalas logarítmicas-diagramáticas (ELD) de 7 y 8-clases en entorno controlado (VEC) y campo (VCa). En Rstudio®, se determinó exactitud (&#946;), precisión (R2), reproducibilidad (r), y concordancia con el índice kappa de Cohen (&#954;w) y coeficiente de concordancia de Lin (LCC). Adicionalmente, se realizó un Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) por escala y entorno para agrupación por similitud de evaluación. Imágenes RGB-dron se procesaron en ArcMap® v10.3. En un bloque de 15-cuadrantes se realizó un análisis de &#8216;segmentación de imagen&#8217; mediante clasificación supervisada y máxima probabilidad para estimar severidad de cenicilla y un indicador de cobertura de vigor (ICV).  Resultados. En VEC-1, escalas v1r2 (ELD-7c; &#946;=1.07, R2=0.93, r=0.87) y v1r1 (ELD-8c; &#946;=0.97, R2=0.85, r=0.87) resultaron mejor evaluadas. En VEC-2, comparando clústeres conformados en el HCA, ELD-7c fue la mejor evaluada con exactitud perfecta (&#946;&gt;0.96), precisión muy alta (R2&gt;0.94), reproducibilidad muy alta (r=0.97-0.99) y concordancia muy buena (&#954;w&gt;0.96; LCC&gt;0.97); y en ELD8c disminuyó reproducibilidad y concordancia. En VCa, ELD-7c mantuvo métricas óptimas, pero ELD-8c alcanzó parámetros ideales para una ELD preventiva en etapas iniciales de la cenicilla polvosa (&#946;&gt;0.98, R2&gt;0.98, r=0.99, &#954; =0.99-0.999, LCC=0.98-0.999). El análisis de imagen RGB-drone estimó severidad = 8.4 % (CI= 5.3 - 12.6 %) e ICV = 0.88 (CI = 0.76 - 0.99), contrastante con la evaluación de campo 47 % (CI = 38.8 - 55.3 %) y 0.46 (CI = 0.76 - 0.99), respectivamente, principalmente con ICV&gt;0.94 debido a menor exposición de hojas sintomáticas. Sugiere w  Conclusión. Se propone una metodología para desarrollo de ELD integrada por: toma, procesamiento y cuantificación de imágenes; validación controlada y campo. Estadísticos de validación incluyeron precisión (R2); exactitud (&#946;); reproducibilidad (coeficiente de Pearson y Hierarchical Cluster Analysis); y concordancia (Coeficiente de Lin e Índice de Kappa), propuestos por primera vez de manera integral. Se proponen imágenes RGB-drone para estimar un índice de cobertura de vigor y severidad integral.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective/Background. Epidemiological research on Phaseolus coccineus is lacking. The aim was to develop and validate digital methods to quantify the severity associated with powdery mildew in ayocote bean.  Materials and Methods. An ayocote bean plot with 65.3 % incidence and 22.7% average powdery mildew foliar severity was selected. Based on 250 leaves collected in field with varying severity degrees, eight 7- and 8-class logarithmic- diagrammatic scales (ELD) were designed and validated in a controlled environment (CEV) and field (FV). In Rstudio®, accuracy (&#946;), precision (R2), reproducibility (r), and agreement level were determined with Cohen&#8217;s kappa index (&#954;w) and Lin&#8217;s concordance coefficient (LCC). Additionally, a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed by scale and assessment environment for clustering by similarity evaluation. In ArcMap® v10.3, in a 15-quadrant block, an &#8216;image segmentation&#8217; analysis was performed using supervised classification and maximum likelihood to estimate powdery mildew severity and an indicator of canopy coverage index (VCI).  Results In VEC-1, v1r2 (ELD-7c; &#946;=1.07, R2=0.93, r=0.87) and v1r1 (ELD-8c; &#946;=0.97, R2=0.85, r=0.87) scales were best evaluated. In VEC-2, comparing clusters conformed in the HCA, the ELD-7c was the best scored with perfect accuracy (&#946;&gt;0.96), very high precision (R2&gt;0.94), very high reproducibility (r=0.97-0.99) and very high agreement (&#954;w&gt;0.96; LCC&gt;0.97); and in ELD-8c reproducibility and agreement decreased. In VCa, ELD-7c maintained optimal metrics, but ELD- 8c reached ideal parameters for preventive ELD in early stages of powdery mildew (&#946;&gt;0.98, R2&gt;0.98, r=0.99, &#954;w=0.99-0.999, LCC=0.98-0.999). Image análisis estimated severity = 8.4 % (CI = 5.3 - 12.6 %) and ICV = 0.88 (CI = 0.76 - 0.99), contrasting with field assessment 47 % (CI = 38.8 - 55.3 %) and 0.46 (CI = 0.76 - 0.99), respectively, mainly with ICV &gt; 0.94 due to less symptomatic leaf exposure. Suggests applicability for canopy estimation with restrictions for severity based on pathogen expression.  Conclusion A methodology for ELD development is proposed, comprising: image acquisition, processing and quantification; controlled validation and field validation. Validation statistics included precision (R2); accuracy (&#946;); reproducibility (Pearson&#8217;s coefficient and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis); and agreement (Lin&#8217;s Coefficient and Kappa Index), proposed in a comprehensive approach for first time. RGB-drone images are proposed to estimate a comprehensive vigor and severity coverage index.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Erysiphe vignae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[escalas-logarítmicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rstudio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Erysiphe vignae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scales-logarithmic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RStudio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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