<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-2698</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles educativos]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Perfiles educativos]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-2698</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-26982021000100084</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2021.171.59225</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Saberes y prácticas con TIC: ¿instrumentalismo o complejidad? - Un estudio con maestros de primaria argentinos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ICT Knowledge and practices: instrumentalism or complexity? - A study with Argentine primary teachers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monjelat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nadia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CONICET Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,CONICET Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,CONICET Instituto Rosario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Educación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>171</numero>
<fpage>84</fpage>
<lpage>101</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-26982021000100084&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-26982021000100084&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-26982021000100084&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar, caracterizar y describir saberes y prácticas con TIC de maestros de educación primaria que inician un trayecto de formación en Didáctica de las ciencias de la computación (n=80). Mediante el empleo de un cuestionario ad hoc, se caracterizó la muestra, se construyeron categorías emergentes y se realizó un análisis multivariado de correspondencias múltiples (factorial y de clasificación), que se complementó con técnicas del análisis de discurso. Los resultados revelaron diversos saberes y prácticas con TIC, siendo la capacitación, la experiencia docente y el uso de TIC los ejes clave en la constitución de estas diferencias. Se identificaron prácticas digitales mayormente instrumentales y saberes previos centrados en habilidades genéricas. Los trayectos formativos sistematizados y apoyados por políticas públicas aparecen como caminos posibles para desarrollar la comprensión crítica desde una perspectiva compleja, alejada de estándares y lineamientos que, a su vez, suponen las mismas habilidades en todos los contextos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The objective of this study is to identify, characterize and describe the ICT knowledge and practices of several elementary school teachers who just begun a training course in Computer Science Didactics (n = 80). The sample was characterized, emerging categories were constructed, and a multivariate analysis of multiple correspondences (factorial and classification) was performed, using an ad hoc questionnaire. This was complemented with discourse analysis techniques. The results revealed diverse knowledge and practices involving ICT, with training, teaching experience and the use of ICT as the key axes in the constitution of these differences. We identified mostly instrumental digital practices and prior knowledge focused on generic skills. Systemized training courses supported by public policies appear as possible ways to develop critical understanding from a complex perspective, instead from standards and guidelines which presuppose the same skills in all contexts.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Educación primaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Práctica docente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Competencias digitales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Alfabetización digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Primary education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Teaching practice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Digital skills]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Information and communication technologies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Digital literacy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borchardt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roggi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inés]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencias de la computación en los sistemas educativos de América Latina]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO-IIPE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckingham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital Media Literacies: Rethinking media education in the age of the Internet]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Research in Comparative and International Education]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roxana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Migraciones digitales. Hacia un plan institucional de alfabetización digital]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roxana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Migraciones digitales. Comunicación, educación y tecnologías digitales interactivas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>13-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dante]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monjelat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teaching and Learning Computer Science for Primary School Teachers: An Argentine experience]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings XIII Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies LACLO 2018]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>349-55</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aprender y enseñar con las TIC: expectativas, realidad y potencialidades]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toscano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los desafíos de las TIC para el cambio educativo]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>113-26</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curcio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peralta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nadia Soledad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El análisis multidimensional de datos: una aplicación al estudio de la relación entre colaboración infantil entre pares y contexto socioeconómico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Persona]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>119-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danieli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Eugenia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Enseñar tecnología con TIC. Saberes y formación docente]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Córdoba (Argentina) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial del Centro de Estudios Avanzados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Barriga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frida]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[TIC y competencias docentes del siglo XXI]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carneiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toscano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los desafíos de las TIC para el cambio educativo]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>139-54</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Inés]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trujillo Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blanca Flor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Nuevas formas de enseñar y aprender? Las posibilidades en conflicto de las tecnologías digitales en la escuela]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles Educativos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>142-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erstad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ola]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A New Direction?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education and Information Technology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>415-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erstad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ola]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educating the Digital Generation. Exploring media literacy for the 21st Century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>56-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabarda Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Dolores]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La competencia digital en estudiantes de magisterio. Análisis competencial y percepción personal del futuro maestro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Educatio Siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>253-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Green]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judith]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Discourse Analysis, Learning and Social Practice: A methodological study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Research in Education]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>119-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gisbert Cervera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mercè]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteve Mon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francesc Marc]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Competencia digital y competencia digital docente: una panorámica sobre el estado de la cuestión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Interuniversitaria de Investigación en Tecnología Educativa]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>0</numero>
<issue>0</issue>
<page-range>74-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Prácticas de enseñanza con TIC en la escuela primaria: proyecto de investigación]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Superior de Formación Docente]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ISTE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ISTE Standards for Educators]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Eugene ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Societal Technology Educational]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johannesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Øgrim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leikny]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilde Gi&#339;ver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tonje]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Notion in Motion: Teachers' digital competence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>300-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enseñar y aprender con informática / Enseñar y aprender informática. Medios informáticos en la escuela argentina]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roxana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Medios informáticos en la educación a principios del siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>21-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prometeo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formación docente en TIC: ¿el huevo o la gallina?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Razón y Palabra]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquín]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[En torno a la integración tecnológica en espacios educativos. ¿Nuevos problemas y nuevas soluciones?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Propuesta Educativa]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>49</numero>
<issue>49</issue>
<page-range>73-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anniken]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bakken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lyngv&#339;r Engelien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kirsti]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What does Professional Digital Competence Mean in Teacher Education?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>281-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mishra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Punya]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koehler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Teachers College Record]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1017-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monjelat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Programming Technologies for Social Inclusion]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chacón Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Sprock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Twelfth Latin American Conference on Learning Technologies]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>112-9</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monjelat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lantz-Andersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Annika]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teachers' Narrative of Learning to Program in a Professional Development Effort and the Relation to the Rhetoric of Computational Thinking]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Education and Information Technologies]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monjelat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Programar con Scratch en contextos educativos: ¿asimilar directrices o co-construir tecnologías para la inclusión social?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Praxis Educativa]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moscoloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nora]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las nubes de datos. Métodos para analizar la complejidad]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rosario (Argentina) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNR Editora]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Identificación de los niveles de competencias TIC y de uso en la práctica pedagógica que tienen los docentes de tecnología e informática y de las especialidades del municipio de Duitama]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palamidessi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galarza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirschberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlos Serra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. La integración de las TIC en las escuelas: un estudio exploratorio]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Educación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redecker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Punie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yves]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators: DigCompEdu]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Luxemburgo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Publications Office of the European Union]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sonia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Lorenzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordóñez Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xavier Giovanni]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La competencia digital de los docentes en educación primaria: análisis cuantitativo de su competencia, uso y actitud hacia las nuevas tecnologías en la práctica docente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tecnología, Ciencia y Educación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>33-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Säljö]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roger]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital Tools and Challenges to Institutional Traditions of Learning: Technologies, social memory and the performative nature of learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computer Assisted Learning]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hipertexto: seis propuestas para este milenio]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Crujía]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selwyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Neil]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making Sense of Young People, Education and Digital Technology: The role of sociological theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Digital Technologies in the Lives of Young People]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estándares TIC para la formación inicial docente: una política pública en el contexto chileno]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>1-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gros Salvat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Begoña]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Propuesta de estándares TIC para la formación inicial docente]]></article-title>
<collab>MINEDUC</collab>
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estándares TIC para la formación inicial docente. Una propuesta en el contexto chileno]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>59-74</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tedesco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tófalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La integración de TIC en la educación básica en Argentina]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNICEF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paula]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picabea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Facundo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Qué son las tecnologías para la inclusión social?]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bernal ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Quilmes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tófalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ariel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las TIC y la educación primaria en la Argentina. Programa TIC y educación básica en la Argentina]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNICEF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tondeur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aesaert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Koen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pynoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bram]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan van]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraeyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norbert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erstad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ola]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing a Validated Instrument to Measure Preservice Teachers' ICT Competencies: Meeting the demands of the 21st Century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Educational Technology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>462-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>UNESCO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ICT Competency Framework for Teachers. Version 2.0]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[París ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNESCO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Deursen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Dijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jan A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Digital Divide Shifts to Differences in Usage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Media and Society]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>507-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
