<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-2523</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de historia novohispana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. hist. novohisp]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-2523</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-25232021000200013</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iih.24486922e.2021.65.76411</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Bourbon-Era Mission Reform]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La reforma misionera de la era borbónica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,robertvianey@gmail.com  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>65</numero>
<fpage>13</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-25232021000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-25232021000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-25232021000200013&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract After the Spanish colonized California in 1769, Franciscans from the Apostolic College of San Fernando (Mexico City) established missions but implemented a new model to more rapidly integrate indigenous populations into colonial society as per the expectations of royal officials. The indigenous populations were to be congregated on mission communities organized on the grid plan and were to live in European-style housing. This article examines the reform of missions in the Sierra Gorda, Baja California, on the ex-Jesuit missions among the Guarani in South America, and then those in California among the Chumash. It analyzes the process of congregation and the mission urban plan, resistance, and demographic collapse resulting from congregation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Después de la colonización de españoles en 1769 en California, los franciscanos del Colegio Apostólico de San Fernando (ciudad de México) establecieron misiones, pero implementaron un nuevo modelo para integrar más rápidamente a las poblaciones indígenas para cumplir con las expectativas de oficiales reales. Las poblaciones indígenas tenían que estar congregadas en comunidades misionales ordenadas bajo el plan en forma de damero, y vivir en habitaciones de estilo europeo. Este artículo examina la reforma de las misiones en la Sierra Gorda, Baja California, las exmisiones jesuitas entre los guaraníes en Sudamérica, y más adelante, entre los chumash en California. Analiza el proceso de congregación, el plan urbano de las misiones, la resistencia y el colapso demográfico a causa de la congregación.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bourbon Reforms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sierra Gorda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Apostolic College of San Fernando]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[José de Gálvez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jesuit Missions among the Guarani]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[California]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chumash]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reformas Borbónicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sierra Gorda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colegio Apostólico de San Fernando]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[José de Gálvez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[misiones jesuíticas de guaraníes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[California]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chumash]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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