<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16672025000100172</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fe.01851667p.2025.331.89280</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desempeño del gasto gubernamental y carencias sociales a nivel subnacional, 2014-2022]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Government Spending Performance and Social Deprivation at the Subnational Level, 2014-2022]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cernichiaro Reyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iztapalapa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>331</numero>
<fpage>172</fpage>
<lpage>199</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16672025000100172&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16672025000100172&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16672025000100172&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Parte de la literatura empírica señala que la provisión gubernamental de salud, educación e infraestructura básica tienen efectos positivos para la reducción de las carencias sociales; pero es necesario analizar la eficiencia con la que se consigue tal propósito. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si los recursos humanos en los sectores educativo y sanitario, y el gasto público destinado a infraestructura social, educación y salud han reducido eficientemente la vulnerabilidad por carencias sociales a nivel subnacional durante el periodo 2014 a 2022 en México. Se utilizaron análisis evolvente con productos indeseables y una medida de eficiencia basada en holguras para caracterizar niveles de eficiencia, exhibiendo diferencias regionales y temporales. Además, se analizó la importancia de cada rubro de gasto gubernamental y de recursos humanos mediante una red neuronal, resultando que los recursos destinados a la educación media y superior son los más importantes para determinar la eficiencia estatal al reducir las carencias sociales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Part of the empirical literature indicates that government provision of health, education and basic infrastructure have positive effects on social deprivation reduction; however, there is a need to analyze the efficiency in the achievement of this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine whether human resources in the education and health sectors, and public spending on social infrastructure, education and health have efficiently reduced vulnerability due to social deprivation at the subnational level from 2014 to 2022 in Mexico. Data envelopment analysis with undesirable products and a slack-based efficiency measure were used to characterize efficiency levels, both showed regional and temporal differences. Additionally, the importance of each category of government spending and human resources was determined through a neural network, concluding that the resources allocated to secondary and higher education are the most important in determining state-level efficiency when the aim is to reduce social deprivation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gasto público]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carencias sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis envolvente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[red neuronal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C45]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D61]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[I14]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[I24]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Efficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public spending]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social deprivation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[data envelopment analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neural network]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C45]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D61]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[I14]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[I24]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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