<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16672007000400015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La relevancia actual de Keynes: el desempleo en los países ricos y pobres]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Relevance of Keynes Today : The Unemployment in Rich and Poor Countries]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thirlwall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anthony P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Kent  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>262</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16672007000400015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16672007000400015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16672007000400015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es argumentar que las ideas de Keynes, formuladas en la primera mitad del siglo XX, son tan relevantes en la actualidad como lo fueron en su época, en lo que concierne al estudio de la naturaleza del desempleo y cómo combatirlo en los países ricos y pobres. La naturaleza del desempleo difiere entre los dos tipos de países, y el desafío que representa en ambos casos también difiere. En los países desarrollados ricos es necesario resucitar y enfatizar el concepto de desempleo involuntario y el importante papel de la administración de la demanda. En los países pobres en desarrollo, por otro lado, es el papel del gobierno en el incremento de la tasa de acumulación de capital y en la inversión en proyectos de inversión intensivos en trabajo el que resulta de primordial importancia. El artículo discute el interés y la obra del autor sobre el desempleo a lo largo de los últimos cuarenta años y el desafío de la creación de empleo en los países ricos y pobres; llama la atención de los lectores acerca de la teoría del empleo (clásica) pre-keynesiana; aplica la relevancia del concepto de desempleo involuntario de Keynes a la elevada tasa de desempleo en los países núcleo de la Unión Europea particularmente desde la firma del Tratado de Maastricht en 1992; critica la idea de que la elevada tasa de desempleo de algún modo constituye una tasa "natural" y que no tiene ninguna relación con la insuficiencia de la demada,y considera el papel del financiamiento del déficit y del impuesto de inflación en el contexto de los países en desarrollo donde la principal tarea de la creación de empleo es aumentar la tasa de acumulación de capital y avanzar hacia el uso de técnicas de producción más intensivas en trabajo simultáneamente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to argue that Keynes's ideas formulated in the first half of the 20th century are as relevant today as they ever were in thinking about the nature of unemployment and how to tackle it in both rich and poor countries. But the nature of unemployment differs between the two sets of countries, and so does the challenge. In the rich developed countries, it is the concept of involuntary unemployment that needs resurrecting and stressing, and the important role of demand management. In the poor developing countries, it is the role of government in raising the rate of capital accumulation, and investing in labour intensive projects, which is of prime importance. The paper discusses the author's interest and work on unemployment over the last forty years and the challenge of employment creation in both rich and poor countries; it reminds readers of pre-Keynesian (classical) employment theory; it applies the relevance of Keynes's concept of involuntary unemployment to the high rate of unemployment in the core countries of the European Union particularly since the signing of the Maastrich Treaty in 1992; it is critical of the idea that the high rate of unemployment somehow constitutes a 'natural' rate and has nothing to do with a lack of demand, and it considers the role of deficit financing and the inflation tax in the context of developing countries where the major task of employment creation is to raise the rate of capital accumulation and to move towards the use of more labour intensive techniques of production simultaneously.]]></p></abstract>
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