<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16671999000400055</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos de la apertura comercial en la manufactura mexicana, 1980-1998]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Effects of Trade Opening on the Mexican Manufacturing Sector, 1980-1998]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>230</numero>
<fpage>55</fpage>
<lpage>82</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16671999000400055&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16671999000400055&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16671999000400055&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo central de este trabajo consiste en evaluar empíricamente los efectos que la apertura comercial ha tenido exclusivamente en la industria manufacturera mexicana en el periodo 1980-1998, a través del análisis conjunto de la evolución de tres indicadores cruciales del desarrollo: crecimiento económico, empleo y balanza comercial. Los resultados nos llevan a afirmar que la apertura comercial iniciada en 1985, hasta ahora, si bien ha tenido consecuencias positivas en la productividad y eficiencia productiva del sector, no ha generado los resultados positivos que argumenta el paradigma ortodoxo para el conjunto de la manufactura mexicana. En específico, no ha resuelto el principal problema que restringe el crecimiento económico desde hace varias décadas: el alto impacto negativo del crecimiento industrial en la balanza comercial, que, indefectiblemente, ha conducido a las recurrentes crisis de balanza de pagos. El estudio tiene un enfoque eminentemente macroeconómico, por lo que no profundiza en el análisis microeconómico de organización industrial ni de políticas industriales específicas, aunque presenta elementos útiles para tales propósitos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This work evaluates the effects of the trade opening process on the economic growth, employment and trade balance of the manufacturing industry from 1980 to 1998. The main results show that, even though trade liberalization has had positive consequences on the total sector productivity, it has not solved the main problem which has systematically constrained the economic growth process, mainly the high impact of economic growth on the trade deficit that, in tum, has led to balance of payment crises. The study follows a macroeconomic approach, therefore it does not deepens on a microeconomic analysis of industrial organization.]]></p></abstract>
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