<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1101</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de astronomía y astrofísica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. astron. astrofis]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1101</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-11012012000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[On the dynamics of the universe in D spatial dimensions]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. F. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual da Paraíba Departamento de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Campina Grande PB]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Itajubá  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Itabira MG]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>251</fpage>
<lpage>256</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-11012012000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-11012012000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-11012012000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo se presentan las ecuaciones de la evolución del universo en D dimensiones espaciales, como una generalización de la obra de Lima (2001). También, se discuten las ecuaciones de Friedmann-Robertson-Walker en D dimensiones espaciales para un fluido simple con ecuación de estado p = &#969;D &#961;. Después de realizar un cambio apropiado de variables, es posible reducir las ecuaciones multi-dimensionales a la ecuación de una partícula, la cual está sujeta a una fuerza lineal. Esta fuerza puede ser expresada como una ecuación de oscilador, anti-oscilador o una partícula libre. Un resultado interesante es que, en el caso de de Sitter, la evolución es independiente de la dimensión D. También, para el caso plano en D dimensiones, presentamos un caso general con factor A. Un resultado interesante es que la reducción de la dimensionalidad implica naturalmente una expansioán acelerada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper we present the equations of the evolution of the universe in D spatial dimensions, as a generalization of the work of Lima (2001). We discuss the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmological equations in D spatial dimensions for a simple fluid with equation of state p = &#969;D &#961;. It is possible to reduce the multidimensional equations to the equation of a point particle system subject to a linear force. This force can be expressed as an oscillator equation, anti-oscillator or a free particle equation, depending on the k parameter of the spatial curvature. An interesting result is the independence on the dimension D in a de Sitter evolution. ® We also stress the generality of this procedure with a cosmological A term. A more interesting result is that the reduction of the dimensionality leads naturally to an accelerated expansion of the scale factor in the plane case.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cosmology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>On the dynamics of the universe in <i>D</i> spatial dimensions</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>R. F. L. Holanda<sup>1</sup> and S. H. Pereira,<sup>2</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Universidade Estadual da Para&iacute;ba, Departamento de F&iacute;sica, R&uacute;a Bara&uacute;nas, 351&#150;58429&#150;500, Bairro Universitario, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil</i> (<a href="mailto:holanda@on.br">holanda@on.br</a>).</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Universidade Federal de Itajub&aacute;, Campus Itabira, R&uacute;a Irm&atilde; Ivone Drumond, 200&#150;35903&#150;087, Distrito Industrial II, Itabira, MG, Brazil</i> (<a href="mailto:shpereira@gmail.com">shpereira@gmail.com</a>).</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 2012 May 25.    <br> 	Accepted 2012 July 5.</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo se presentan las ecuaciones de la evoluci&oacute;n del universo en <i>D</i> dimensiones espaciales, como una generalizaci&oacute;n de la obra de Lima (2001). Tambi&eacute;n, se discuten las ecuaciones de Friedmann&#150;Robertson&#150;Walker en <i>D</i> dimensiones espaciales para un fluido simple con ecuaci&oacute;n de estado <i>p</i> = <i>&#969;</i><i><sub>D</sub> &#961;.</i> Despu&eacute;s de realizar un cambio apropiado de variables, es posible reducir las ecuaciones multi&#150;dimensionales a la ecuaci&oacute;n de una part&iacute;cula, la cual est&aacute; sujeta a una fuerza lineal. Esta fuerza puede ser expresada como una ecuaci&oacute;n de oscilador, anti&#150;oscilador o una part&iacute;cula libre. Un resultado interesante es que, en el caso de de Sitter, la evoluci&oacute;n es independiente de la dimensi&oacute;n <i>D</i>. Tambi&eacute;n, para el caso plano en <i>D</i> dimensiones, presentamos un caso general con factor A. Un resultado interesante es que la reducci&oacute;n de la dimensionalidad implica naturalmente una expansio&aacute;n acelerada.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this paper we present the equations of the evolution of the universe in <i>D</i> spatial dimensions, as a generalization of the work of Lima (2001). We discuss the Friedmann&#150;Robertson&#150;Walker cosmological equations in <i>D</i> spatial dimensions for a simple fluid with equation of state <i>p</i> = <i>&#969;</i><i><sub>D</sub> &#961;.</i> It is possible to reduce the multidimensional equations to the equation of a point particle system subject to a linear force. This force can be expressed as an oscillator equation, anti&#150;oscillator or a free particle equation, depending on the k parameter of the spatial curvature. An interesting result is the independence on the dimension <i>D</i> in a de Sitter evolution. &reg;&nbsp;We also stress the generality of this procedure with a cosmological A term. A more interesting result is that the reduction of the dimensionality leads naturally to an accelerated expansion of the scale factor in the plane case.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>Key Words:</i></b> cosmology: theory.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmaa/v48n2/v48n2a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">RFLH is supported by CNPq, Proc. Num. 500201/2011&#45;0 and SHP is supported by CNPq, Proc. Num. 477872/2010&#45;7. We are very grateful to Professor Jos&eacute; A. S. Lima for suggesting this work and for many interesting comments.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Assad, M. J. D., &amp; Lima, J. A. S. 1988, Gen. Relativ. Gravitation, 20, 527</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438145&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Chingangbam, R., &amp; Deshamukhya, A. 2009, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 17, 2577</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438146&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Corasaniti, P. S., Kunz, M., Parkinson, D., Copeland, E. J., &amp; Bassett, B. A. 2004, Phys. Rev. D, 70, 083006</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438147&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Duff, M. J., &amp; Nilsson, B. E. W. 1986, Phys. Rep., 130, 1</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438148&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Ehrenfest, P. 1917, Proc. Amsterdam Acad. 20, 200</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438149&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Faraoni, V. 1999, Am. J. Phys., 67, 732</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438150&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Gusin, P. 2008, arXiv:0809.1997</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438151&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Hayashi, M., Katsuura, M., &amp; Mendoza, H. V. 1990, Rev. Mex. Fis., 37, 712</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438152&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Landau, L. D., &amp; Lifshitz, E. M. 1989, The Classical Theory of Fields (Oxford: Pergamon)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438153&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Lima, J. A. S. 2001, Am. J. Phys., 69, 1245</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438154&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;&#150;. 2004, Brazilian J. Phys., 34, 194</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438155&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Lima, J. A. S., Moreira, A. M., &amp; Santos, J. 1998, Gen. Relativ. Gravitation, 30, 425</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438156&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Melchiorri, A., Mersini, L., Odman, C. J., &amp; Trodden, M. 2003, Phys. Rev. D, 68, 043509</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438157&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Mukhanov, V. 2005, Physical Foundations of Cosmology (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438158&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Panigrahi, K. L. 2004, Phys. Lett. B, 601, 64</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438159&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Panotopoulos, G. 2005, Phys. Lett. B, 623, 185</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438160&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Pereira, S. H., &amp; Lima, J. A. S. 2008, Phys. Lett. B, 669,&nbsp;266</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438161&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Polchinski, J. 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett., 75, 4724</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438162&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Polchinski, J., Chaudhuri, S., &amp; Johnson, C. V. 1996, arXiv:hep&#150;th/9602052</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438163&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Tangherline, F. R. 1986, Nuovo Cimento, 91B, 209</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438164&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Turner, M. S., &amp; White, M. J. 1997, Phys. Rev. D, 56, 4439</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438165&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Zel'dovich, Ya. B., &amp; Novikov, I. D. 1996, Stars and Relativity (New York: Dover)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7438166&pid=S0185-1101201200020000900022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gen. Relativ. Gravitation]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>527</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chingangbam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshamukhya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Mod. Phys. D]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>2577</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corasaniti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Copeland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. D]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>083006</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rep.]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ehrenfest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. Amsterdam Acad.]]></source>
<year>1917</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faraoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>732</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gusin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[arXiv:0809.1997]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katsuura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Fis.]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>712</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Landau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lifshitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Classical Theory of Fields]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pergamon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>1245</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brazilian J. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>194</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gen. Relativ. Gravitation]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>425</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melchiorri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mersini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trodden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. D]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>043509</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukhanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Physical Foundations of Cosmology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge Univ. Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panigrahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Lett. B]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>601</volume>
<page-range>64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panotopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Lett. B]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>623</volume>
<page-range>185</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Lett. B]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>669</volume>
<page-range>266</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polchinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett.]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>4724</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polchinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaudhuri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[arXiv:hep-th/9602052]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tangherline]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nuovo Cimento]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>91B</volume>
<page-range>209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. D]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>4439</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zel'dovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ya. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novikov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stars and Relativity]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dover]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
