<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1101</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de astronomía y astrofísica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. astron. astrofis]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1101</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-11012008000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The delayed contribution of low and intermediate mass stars to chemical galactic enrichment: an analytical approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carigi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Astronomía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,, University of Central Lancashire Centre for Astrophysics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Preston Lancashire]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>311</fpage>
<lpage>323</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-11012008000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-11012008000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-11012008000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Encontramos una nueva solución analítica para las ecuaciones de evolución química tomando en cuenta la contribución retrasada de todas las estrellas de m &lt; 8 M<img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmaa/v44n2/a6s1.jpg">(LIMS) como una estrella representativa que enriquece al medio interestelar. Esta solución se construye para una tasa de formación estelar proporcional a la masa de gas en un modelo de caja cerrada. Obtenemos incrementos en C/O y N/O cuando O/H aumenta, comportamiento imposible de igualar con IRA. Nuestros resultados, obtenidos mediante dos ecuaciones analíticas, son muy similares a aquellos encontrados con modelos numéricos que consideran el tiempo de vida de cada estrella. Este modelo retrasado reproduce la evolución de C/O -O/H y Y - O en la vecindad solar. Esta aproximación analítica es una herramienta útil para estudiar la evolución de elementos producidos por las LIMS cuando no se dispone de o un código de evolución química.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We find a new analytical solution for the chemical evolution equations, taking into account the delayed contribution of all low and intermediate mass stars (LIMS) as one representative star that enriches the interstellar medium. This solution is built only for star formation rate proportional to the gas mass in a closed box model. We obtain increasing C/O and N/O ratios with increasing O/H, behavior impossible to match with the Instantaneous Recycling Approximation (IRA). Our results, obtained by two analytical equations, are very similar to those found by numerical models that consider the lifetimes of each star. This delayed model reproduces successfully the evolution of the C/O-O/H and Y - O relations in the solar vicinity. This analytical approximation is a useful tool to study the chemical evolution of elements produced by LIMS when a galactic chemical evolutionary code is not available.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[galaxies: abundances]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[galaxies: evolution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ISM: abundances]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>The delayed contribution of low and intermediate mass stars to chemical galactic enrichment: an analytical approach </b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>I. Franco<sup>1,2</sup> and L. Carigi<sup>1,3 </sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Instituto de Astronom&iacute;a, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apdo. Postal 70&#150;264, 04510 M&eacute;xico, D.F., M&eacute;xico. (<a href="mailto:carigi@astroscu.unam.mx">carigi@astroscu.unam.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:lcarigi@uclan.ac.uk">lcarigi@uclan.ac.uk</a>).</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Max&#150;Planck&#150;Institut f&uuml;r Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany. </i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>3 </sup>Centre for Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom. (<a href="mailto:franco@mpia&#150;hd.mpg.de">franco@mpia&#150;hd.mpg.de</a>).</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 2008 May 19    <br> Accepted 2008 July 3</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Encontramos una nueva soluci&oacute;n anal&iacute;tica para las ecuaciones de evoluci&oacute;n qu&iacute;mica tomando en cuenta la contribuci&oacute;n retrasada de todas las estrellas de <i>m &lt; </i>8 <i>M</i><img src="/img/revistas/rmaa/v44n2/a6s1.jpg">(LIMS) como una estrella representativa que enriquece al medio interestelar. Esta soluci&oacute;n se construye para una tasa de formaci&oacute;n estelar proporcional a la masa de gas en un modelo de caja cerrada. Obtenemos incrementos en C/O y N/O cuando O/H aumenta, comportamiento imposible de igualar con IRA. Nuestros resultados, obtenidos mediante dos ecuaciones anal&iacute;ticas, son muy similares a aquellos encontrados con modelos num&eacute;ricos que consideran el tiempo de vida de cada estrella. Este modelo retrasado reproduce la evoluci&oacute;n de C/O &#151;O/H y <i>Y &#151; O </i>en la vecindad solar. Esta aproximaci&oacute;n anal&iacute;tica es una herramienta &uacute;til para estudiar la evoluci&oacute;n de elementos producidos por las LIMS cuando no se dispone de o un c&oacute;digo de evoluci&oacute;n qu&iacute;mica.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We find a new analytical solution for the chemical evolution equations, taking into account the delayed contribution of all low and intermediate mass stars (LIMS) as one representative star that enriches the interstellar medium.   This solution is built only for star formation rate proportional to the gas mass in a closed box model. We obtain increasing C/O and N/O ratios with increasing O/H, behavior impossible to match with the Instantaneous Recycling Approximation (IRA). Our<i> </i>results, obtained by two analytical equations, are very similar to those found by numerical models that consider the lifetimes of each star.    This delayed model reproduces successfully the evolution of the C/O&#151;O/H and <i>Y &#151; O </i>relations in the solar vicinity. This analytical approximation is a useful tool to study the chemical evolution of elements produced by LIMS when a galactic chemical evolutionary code is not available.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>Key Words: </i></b>galaxies: abundances &#151; galaxies: evolution &#151; ISM: abundances.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmaa/v44n2/v44n2a6.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a> </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Akerman, C. J., Carigi, L., Nissen, P. E., Pettini, M., &amp; Asplund, M. 2004, A &amp; A, 414, 931</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425129&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., &amp; Sauval, A. J. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser. 336, Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, ed. F. N. Bash &amp; T. G. Barnes (San Francisco: ASP), 25</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425130&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Carigi, L. 1994, ApJ, 424, 181</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425131&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Carigi, L., &amp; Peimbert, M. 2008, RevMexAA, 44, 341</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425132&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Esteban, C., Peimbert, M., Torres&#150;Peimbert, S., &amp; Escalante, V. 1998, MNRAS, 295, 401</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425133&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Esteban, C., Garc&iacute;a&#150;Rojas, J., Peimbert, M., Peimbert, A., Ruiz, M. T., Rodriguez, M., &amp; Carigi, L. 2005, ApJ, 618, L95</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425134&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Garc&iacute;a&#150;Rojas, J., Esteban, C., Peimbert, M., Rodriguez, M., Ruiz, M. T., &amp; Peimbert, A. 2004, ApJS, 153, 501</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425135&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Hirschi, R. 2007, A &amp; A, 461, 571</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425136&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Kroupa, P., Tout, C. A., &amp; Gilmore, G.  1993, MNRAS, 262, 545</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425137&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Maeder, A. 1992, A &amp; A, 264, 105</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425138&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Meynet, G., &amp; Maeder, A. 2002, A &amp; A, 390, 561</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425139&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Pagel, B. E. J. 1989, RevMexAA, 18, 161</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425140&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Peimbert, M., Luridiana, V., &amp; Peimbert, A. 2007, ApJ, 666, 636</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425141&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Prantzos, N. 2007, in Stellar Nucleosynthesis: 50 years after B2FH, ed. C. Charbonnel &amp; J. P. Zahn, EAS Publication Series, preprint (astro&#150;ph/0709.0833)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425142&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Schaller, G., Schaerer, D., Meynet, G., &amp; Maeder, A. 1992, A &amp; AS, 96, 269</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425143&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Serrano, A., &amp; Peimbert, M. 1983, RevMexAA, 8, 117</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425144&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Talbot, R., Jr., &amp; Arnett, W. D. 1971, ApJ, 170, 409</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425145&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Tinsley, B. M. 1974, ApJ, 192, 629</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425146&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">van der Hoek, L. B., &amp; Groenewegen, M. A. T. 1997, A &amp; AS, 123, 305</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=7425147&pid=S0185-1101200800020000600019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akerman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carigi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asplund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A & A]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>414</volume>
<page-range>931</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asplund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grevesse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sauval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[336 Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Francisco ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ASP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carigi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ApJ]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>424</volume>
<page-range>181</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carigi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RevMexAA]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>341</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[MNRAS]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>295</volume>
<page-range>401</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carigi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ApJ]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>618</volume>
<page-range>L95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ApJS]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<page-range>501</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirschi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A & A]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>461</volume>
<page-range>571</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kroupa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tout]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilmore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[MNRAS]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>262</volume>
<page-range>545</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A & A]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>264</volume>
<page-range>105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meynet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A & A]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>390</volume>
<page-range>561</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RevMexAA]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>161</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luridiana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ApJ]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>666</volume>
<page-range>636</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prantzos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[EAS Publication Series]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Stellar Nucleosynthesis: 50 years after B2FH]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meynet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A & AS]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<page-range>269</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peimbert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[RevMexAA]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talbot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ApJ]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>170</volume>
<page-range>409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tinsley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ApJ]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>192</volume>
<page-range>629</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Hoek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groenewegen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A & AS]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<page-range>305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
