<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1101</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de astronomía y astrofísica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. astron. astrofis]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1101</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-11012005000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Numerical simulations of the fragmentation of photoevaporating nonuniform clumps]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Astronomía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>443</fpage>
<lpage>451</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-11012005000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-11012005000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-11012005000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo, presentamos simulaciones hidrodinámicas en tres dimensiones de la interacción de núcleos neutros inhomogéneos con un flujo externo de fotones ionizantes (plano-paralelo). Mostramos que, como una consecuencia de la estratificación inicial de densidad que supusimos para el núcleo neutro, se producen múltiples condensaciones conforme el núcleo es fotoevaporado. Mostramos también que, en los modelos donde los picos y valles de la variación en densidad están alineados con el flujo de fotones, la fragmentación es más importante y, con una longitud de onda y amplitud de la variación en densidad adecuadas, los fotones ionizantes pueden producir huecos en el núcleo neutro antes de que sea completamente fotoevaporado. Sin embargo, no obtenemos una división del núcleo neutro original en núcleos más pequeños.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper, we present 3D gasdynamical simulations of the interaction of nonuniform clumps with an external (plane-parallel) ionizing photon flux. We show that, as a consequence of the initial density stratification that we assumed for the clump, multiple condensations are produced as the clump is photoevaporated. We also show that, in models where the peaks and valleys of the density variability are aligned with the photon flux, this fragmentation is more important and, with an adequate amplitude and wavelength of the density variability, the ionizing photons can produce hollows in the clump before it is completely photoevaporated. However, we do not obtain a division of the original clump into smaller clumps.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ISM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ISM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ISM]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Numerical simulations of the fragmentation of photoevaporating nonuniform clumps</b></font></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>R. F. Gonz&aacute;lez,<sup>1,2</sup> A. C. Raga,<sup>1</sup> and W. Steffen<sup>3</sup></b><sup></sup> </font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>1</sup> <i>Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 70&#45;543, 04510 M&eacute;xico, D. F., M&eacute;xico</i> (<a href="mailto:raga@nucleares.unam.mx">raga@nucleares.unam.mx</a>). </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>2 </sup><i>Centro de Radioastronom&iacute;a y Astrof&iacute;sica, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 3&#45;72 (Xangari), 58089 Morelia, Michoac&aacute;n, M&eacute;xico</i> (<a href="mailto:ricardo@astrosmo.unam.mx">ricardo@astrosmo.unam.mx</a>). </font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>3</sup> <i>Instituto de Astronom&iacute;a, UNAM, Apdo. Postal 877, 22860 Ensenada, B. C., M&eacute;xico </i>(<a href="mailto:wsteffen@astrosen.unam.mx">wsteffen@astrosen.unam.mx</a>).</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 2005 April 22    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> Accepted 2005 May 25</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo, presentamos simulaciones hidrodin&aacute;micas en tres dimensiones de la interacci&oacute;n de n&uacute;cleos neutros inhomog&eacute;neos con un flujo externo de fotones ionizantes (plano&#45;paralelo). Mostramos que, como una consecuencia de la estratificaci&oacute;n inicial de densidad que supusimos para el n&uacute;cleo neutro, se producen m&uacute;ltiples condensaciones conforme el n&uacute;cleo es fotoevaporado. Mostramos tambi&eacute;n que, en los modelos donde los picos y valles de la variaci&oacute;n en densidad est&aacute;n alineados con el flujo de fotones, la fragmentaci&oacute;n es m&aacute;s importante y, con una longitud de onda y amplitud de la variaci&oacute;n en densidad adecuadas, los fotones ionizantes pueden producir huecos en el n&uacute;cleo neutro antes de que sea completamente fotoevaporado. Sin embargo, no obtenemos una divisi&oacute;n del n&uacute;cleo neutro original en n&uacute;cleos m&aacute;s peque&ntilde;os.</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this paper, we present 3D gasdynamical simulations of the interaction of nonuniform clumps with an external (plane&#45;parallel) ionizing photon flux. We show that, as a consequence of the initial density stratification that we assumed for the clump, multiple condensations are produced as the clump is photoevaporated. We also show that, in models where the peaks and valleys of the density variability are aligned with the photon flux, this fragmentation is more important and, with an adequate amplitude and wavelength of the density variability, the ionizing photons can produce hollows in the clump before it is completely photoevaporated. However, we do not obtain a division of the original clump into smaller clumps.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Key Words: </b>ISM: H II Regions  &#151; ISM: Kinematics and dynamics  &#151; ISM: Planetary nebulae.</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmaa/v41n2/v41n2a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was supported by the CONACyT grants 41320&#45;F and 43103&#45;F, and the DGAPA (UNAM) grants IN 112602 and IN 111803. We thank Prof. J. Dyson for his helpful comments and suggestions.</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Bally, J., O'Dell, C. R., &amp; McCaughrean, M. 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