<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-092X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería sísmica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. sísm]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-092X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Ingeniería Sísmica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-092X2021000200045</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18867/ris.106.590</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[REPARACIÓN ÓPTIMA DE ESCUELAS CON MUROS DE MAMPOSTERÍA Y MARCOS DE CONCRETO CON DAÑOS SÍSMICOS BASADA EN CONFIABILIDAD]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[OPTIMAL RELIABILITY BASED REPAIR FOR SCHOOLS WITH MASONRY WALLS AND CONCRETE FRAMES THAT SUFFERED SEISMIC DAMAGE]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Manjarrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De León Escobedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>106</numero>
<fpage>45</fpage>
<lpage>75</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-092X2021000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-092X2021000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-092X2021000200045&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN. El presente trabajo utiliza las técnicas de confiabilidad estructural para identificar la reparación óptima de estructuras con un sistema dual, concreto, y muros de mampostería, así como los costos y el ciclo de vida, para generar recomendaciones prácticas sobre el tipo de refuerzo para el estado límite de resistencia y el de servicio. Se incorporan los estados límite de resistencia y de servicio, y se analiza el comportamiento combinado del marco y los muros. Se identifican los posibles modos de falla desde la capacidad de flexión y corte hasta la deriva entre pisos en dos escuelas ubicada en Yautepec y Tlatenchi, en el Estado de Morelos. Las escuelas sufrieron daños considerables en los muros, afectando su nivel de seguridad después del sismo ocurrido el 19 de septiembre del 2017. Mediante la aplicación de la confiabilidad estructural y los conceptos de costos esperados en el ciclo de vida, se propone una formulación para generar niveles óptimos de actualización de seguridad para reparar escuelas dañadas por sismos. Se analizan los modelos con un software comercial (PERFORM 3D V7) y se obtienen las respuestas máximas para las escuelas mencionadas. Se utilizan coeficientes de variación de carga y resistencia reportados en la literatura, para obtener la probabilidad de falla de la escuela. La probabilidad de falla de una estructura para cada estado límite, se evalúa bajo las condiciones dañadas de la estructura, luego, sucesivamente, se proponen varios tipos de reforzamiento, y se calculan las probabilidades de falla correspondientes y el costo esperado en el ciclo de vida. Se analizan 3 alternativas de reparación, la introducción de: concreto reforzado, ángulos y soleras de acero y muros de concreto reforzado. La reparación óptima será aquella para la que se cumpla la del costo mínimo esperado en el ciclo de vida. Las complejidades del tema brindan la oportunidad para realizar trabajos multidisciplinarios, los cuales pueden ser una herramienta muy favorable para generar recomendaciones prácticas para ingenieros a cargo de reparaciones de estructuras.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT. This investigation uses structural reliability techniques for identifying optimal repair option of a structures with a dual system, concrete, and masonry walls. Additionally, it analyzes costs and service life to generate practical recommendations on the type of reinforcement for the limit state of resistance and service. Resistance and service limit states are included, and the combined performance of the frames and masonry walls are analyzed. Possible failure modes are identified, from bending and shear to drift between two floors in two different schools located in Yautepec and Tlatenchi, in the State of Morelos. The schools suffered serious damages in the walls that affected their safety levels after the earthquake of September 19 of 2017. Through the application of structural reliability and the concepts of the expected life cycle costs, a formulation is proposed to develop optimal reliability upgrading recommendations to repair schools damaged by earthquakes. The models are analyzed with a commercial software (PERFORM 3D V7) to obtain the maximum responses for the aforementioned schools. The coefficient of variation of load and resistance reported in the literature, are used to obtain the school&#8217;s failure probability. The failure probability of a structure for each limit condition, is evaluated under the damaged conditions of the structure, and, successively, different types of retrofits are proposed. Then the corresponding failure probabilities and the expected cost in the life cycle are calculated. Three repair alternatives are analyzed: reinforced concrete, steel flat strips and angles, and concrete reinforced walls. The optimal repair will be the one that renders the expected minimum life cycle cost. The complexities of the subject provide the opportunity to conduct multidisciplinary investigations that can be a convenient tool to generate practical recommendations for engineers in charge of structural repairs.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[confiabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reparación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mampostería]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciclo de vida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reforzamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[consecuencias de fallas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reliability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[repair]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[masonry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[life cycle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reinforcement]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure consequences]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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