<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-013X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Foro int]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-013X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-013X2025000400925</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/fi.3129</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Oportunidades y dificultades del nearshoring en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The promise and pitfalls of nearshoring in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gereffi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gary]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Duke University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>925</fpage>
<lpage>972</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000400925&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000400925&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-013X2025000400925&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La relación de México con Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) ha sido excepcionalmente cercana durante muchas décadas. Los llamados recientes en EE.UU. pidiendo una nueva ola de &#8220;nearshoring&#8221; para ayudar a que la economía estadounidense reconstruya sus cadenas de suministro, fragmentadas y vulnerables tras una serie de interrupciones y giros políticos vinculados a la pandemia mundial de COVID-19, al surgimiento del nacionalismo económico, a la aparición de China como una superpotencia global en el ámbito tecnológico, y los crecientes conflictos regionales, han planteado oportunidades y desafíos para México. Este artículo examina los lazos económicos bilaterales de México con la economía estadounidense en el periodo de la posguerra, para destacar los patrones y las lecciones que constituyen un aprendizaje para afrontar la coyuntura actual. Recurrimos a la perspectiva de las cadenas de valor mundiales (CVM) para mostrar cómo las políticas industriales y comerciales recientes de EE.UU. se centran en una serie de industrias estratégicas, tales como semiconductores, automóviles, farmacéutica y minerales fundamentales, en la que México tiene mucho que ofrecer. No obstante, la competencia internacional y la dinámica política estadounidense exige que México adopte una estrategia de desarrollo más integral y activa para lograr obtener los beneficios tanto para el desarrollo como para la innovación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Mexico has had an exceptionally close relationship with the United States (US) for many decades. Recent calls in the US for a new wave of &#8220;nearshoring&#8221; to help the American economy rebuild its fragmented and vulnerable supply chains following a series of disruptions and geopolitical shifts linked to the COVID-19 global pandemic, the rise of economic nationalism, China&#8217;s emergence as a global technological superpower, and growing regional conflicts raise both opportunities and challenges for Mexico. This article reviews Mexico&#8217;s bilateral economic ties with the US economy in the postwar period to highlight patterns and lessons that can be learned to deal with the current conjuncture. The global value chains (GVC) approach is utilized to show how recent US industrial and trade policies focus on a series of strategic industries such as semiconductors, automobiles, pharmaceuticals, and critical minerals in which Mexico has much to offer. However, international competition and US political dynamics require a more active and comprehensive development strategy in Mexico to achieve both development and innovation benefits.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nearshoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cadenas de valor mundiales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política industrial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política comercial de EE.UU.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industrias estratégicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[semiconductores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[automóviles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacéutica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minerales fundamentales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TLCAN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[T-MEC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nearshoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[global value chains]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[industrial policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[US trade policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[strategic industries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[semiconductors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[automobiles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pharmaceuticals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical minerals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[NAFTA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[USMCA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[China]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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