<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-013X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Foro int]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-013X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-013X2020000100175</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/fi.v60i1.2537</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Voto ideológico, ¿por qué los latinoamericanos votan por la izquierda o la derecha?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ideological vote: why do latin americans vote for the left or the right?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Le vote idéologique: qu&#8217;est-ce qui mène les latinoaméricains à voter pour la gauche ou pour la droite?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrico Terán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís Delgadillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de San Luis A.C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>175</fpage>
<lpage>226</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-013X2020000100175&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-013X2020000100175&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-013X2020000100175&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La discusión sobre las causas de los giros a la izquierda y a la derecha en América Latina es extensa y ha multiplicado los estudios electorales comparados en la región. Sin embargo, debido a que se les analiza de forma aislada, su contribución para entender por qué la gente vota por las opciones de uno u otro lado del espectro ideológico es reducida. En este trabajo examinamos el voto ideológico de los latinoamericanos entre 1996 y 2016, y encontramos que las posiciones a favor o en contra de Estados Unidos y la ideología de los votantes son los principales factores que lo explican, aunque también tienen importancia la clase social, la confianza en las instituciones políticas, la ideología del gobierno en funciones y el sexo del votante. La pertenencia indígena favorece el voto por las opciones de izquierda cuando previamente se ha politizado esa división. No obstante, existen variaciones nacionales muy grandes respecto a las tendencias regionales, lo que evidencia la heterogeneidad de la región.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The discussion of the causes of the turns to the left or the right in Latin America is an extensive one, and comparative electoral studies in the region have multiplied. However, due to the fact that they are analyzed in isolation, their contribution to understanding why people vote for the alternatives at one end of the ideological spectrum or the other is limited. This paper examines the ideological voting behavior of Latin Americans between 1996 and 2016, and we find that positions for or against the United States and the ideology of voters are the principal factors to explain this, together with social class, trust in political institutions, the ideology of the current government and the gender of the voter. Belonging to an indigenous group tends to favor a vote for left-wing alternatives when this division has previously been politicized. However, there are very large national variations compared to the regional trends, indicating that it is a very heterogeneous region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé: On a beaucoup parlé de ce qui explique les virages vers la gauche ou vers la droite en Amérique latine. Les études comparées des élections y sont nombreuses, quoique peu utiles pour expliquer les choix des électeurs le long du spectre idéologique, dont elles n&#8217;examinent que des causes isolées. Notre étude, consacrée au vote idéologique des Latinoaméricains entre 1996 et 2016, met en évidence que les deux facteurs déterminants les plus importants sont l&#8217;attitude envers les États-Unis (pour ou contre) et l&#8217;idéologie des électeurs, même si d&#8217;autres éléments ont aussi du poids: la classe sociale, la confiance envers les institutions politiques, l&#8217;idéologie du gouvernement au pouvoir et le sexe de l&#8217;électeur. Le fait d&#8217;appartenir à la population autochtone favorise le vote pour la gauche au cas où l&#8217;ethnicité serait préalablement politisée. Il y a pourtant des variations nationales importantes par rapport aux tendances régionales, ce qui prouve que l&#8217;ensemble des pays est très hétérogène.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[voto ideológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamiento electoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[izquierda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derecha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ideological vote]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electoral behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[left]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[right]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Amérique latine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[vote idéologique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[comportement électoral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[gauche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[droite]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antunes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rui]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Theoretical models of voting behaviour]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exedra]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>145-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arditi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El giro a la izquierda en América Latina: ¿una política post-liberal?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciências Sociais Unisinos]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>232-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arkonada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katu]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Fin de ciclo? La disputa por el relato]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina en Movimiento]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>510</numero>
<issue>510</issue>
<page-range>11-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arnold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jason R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samuels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evidence from public opinion]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenneth M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Resurgence of the Latin American Left]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Johns Hopkins University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenneth F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Latin American Left&#8217;s Mandate: Free-Market Policies and Issue Voting in New Democracies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Politics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balassa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hacia una renovación del crecimiento en América Latina]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute for International Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Larry M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Study of Electoral Behavior]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leighley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jan E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of American Elections and Political Behavior]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>239-60</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paolo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction. Partisanship, social identity and individual attitudes]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paolo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Political parties and partisanship]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beasley-Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maxwell A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hershberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Latin America&#8217;s Left Turns: A Tour D&#8217;Horizon]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maxwell A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hershberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin America&#8217;s Left Turns: Politics, Policies, and Trajectories of Change]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bernard R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazarsfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McPhee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explaining the Rise of the Left in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Research Review]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>68-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Atilio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Una nueva era populista en América Latina?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha Lucía]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastrana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoyos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Eterno Retorno del Populismo en América Latina y el Caribe]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burlacu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Corruption and Ideological Voting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Political Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maxwell A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Latin America&#8217;s Left Turns: beyond good and bad]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Third World Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>331-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The American Voter]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction to the Latin American Voter]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Latin American Voter: Pursuing Representation and Accountability in Challenging Contexts]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Latin America&#8217;s Left Turn]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foreign Affairs]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>28-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cleary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explaining the Left&#8217;s Resurgence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>35-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cohen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mollie]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salles Kobilanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Facundo E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electoral Volatility in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Politics]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Comisión Ecónomica para América Latina</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio Económico de América Latina y el Caribe 2001-2002]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[CEPAL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Santiago de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dosek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Por qué la gente vota a la izquierda? Clivajes, ideología y voto retrospectivo en Bolivia y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[DADOS-Revista de Ciências Sociais]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>773-815</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Erian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohamed A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ascenso de la derecha en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La Nación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiorina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Morris P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Retrospective Voting in American National Elections]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laakso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markku]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taagepera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rein]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effective Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Political Studies]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lachat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romain]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of party polarization on ideological voting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electoral Studies]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>687-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laclau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La deriva populista y la centroizquierda latinoamericana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>205</numero>
<issue>205</issue>
<page-range>56-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanzaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gobiernos de izquierda en América Latina: entre el populismo y la socialdemocracia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillebrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernst]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La izquierda en América Latina y Europa: nuevos procesos, nuevos dilemas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Uruguay ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Friedrich Ebert Stiftung]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanzaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La &#8216;tercera ola&#8217; de las izquierdas latinoamericanas: entre el populismo y la social-democracia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio/Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>91</numero>
<issue>91</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Uruguay ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de la República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Latinobarómetro</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de datos]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenneth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Roberts]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introduction: Latin America&#8217;s &#8216;Left Turn&#8217;. A framework for analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levitsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenneth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Roberts]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Resurgence of the Latin American Left]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Baltimore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Johns Hopkins University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democracia presidencial o parlamentaria ¿Qué diferencia implica?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La crisis del presidencialismo]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>25-143</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lissandry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Por qué 2017 puede ser clave en el giro hacia la derecha de América Latina]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[BBC Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonnefoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pascal]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Politi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La victoria de Piñera refuerza el giro a la derecha en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las reformas estructurales en América Latina: Qué se ha reformado y cómo medirlo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documento de trabajo del BID]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lubbers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sipma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Take]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multi-level Modelling of Voting Behaviour]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arzheimer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kai]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jocelyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis-Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Sage Handbook of Electoral Behaviour]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>934-51</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Left Turns: Why They Happened and How They Compare]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cameron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maxwell A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hershberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin America&#8217;s Left Turns: Politics, Policies, and Trajectories of Change]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boulder ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynne Rienner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macdonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Post-Neoliberalism in the Americas: An Introduction]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macdonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruckert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Post-Neoliberalism in the Americas]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthias]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ideological voting in context: The case of Germany during the Merkel era]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voters and Voting in Context: Multiple Contexts and the Heterogeneous German Electorate]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mainwaring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scott]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Left and the Mobilization of Class Voting in Latin America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Latin American Voter: Pursuing Representation and Accountability in Challenging Contexts]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mainwaring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Scott]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torcal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La institucionalización de los sistemas de partidos y la teoría del sistema partidista después de la tercera ola democratizadora]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina Hoy]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>141-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marshall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monty G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ted Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Polity IV Project. Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2015. Dataset]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maryland ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centre for Systemic Peace]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martí I Puig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las razones de presencia y éxito de los partidos étnicos en América Latina. Los casos de Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua y Perú (1990-2005)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Sociología]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>675-724</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cora]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joop J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robustness issues in multilevel regression analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Statistica Neerlandica]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>127-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Giro a la derecha y lucha de clases en Sudamérica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategia Internacional]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>29</numero>
<issue>29</issue>
<page-range>9-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modonesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Massimo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fin de la hegemonía progresista y giro regresivo en América Latina. Una contribución gramsciana al debate sobre el fin de ciclo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Viento Sur]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>23-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Constanza]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El largo ciclo del progresismo latinoamericano y su freno. Los cambios políticos en América Latina en la última década (2003-2015)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Sociais]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>93</numero>
<issue>93</issue>
<page-range>1-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethnicity and Electoral Preferences in Latin America]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Latin American Voter: Pursuing Representation and Accountability in Challenging Contexts]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender and the Latin American Voter]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ryan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zechmeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Latin American Voter: Pursuing Representation and Accountability in Challenging Contexts]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ann Arbor ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Michigan Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panizza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unarmed Utopia Revisited: The Resurgence of Left-of-Centre Politics in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Studies]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>716-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panizza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuevas izquierdas y democracia en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista CIDOB d&#8217;Afers Internacionals]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>85/86</numero>
<issue>85/86</issue>
<page-range>75-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paramio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ludolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Giro a la izquierda y regreso del populismo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<numero>205</numero>
<issue>205</issue>
<page-range>62-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paramio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ludolfo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La izquierda en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quórum, Revista de pensamiento iberoamericano]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>21-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mogens N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Dynamics of European Party Systems: Changing Patterns of Electoral Volatility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Political Research]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La democracia en América Latina. Hacia una democracia de ciudadanas y ciudadanos. El debate conceptual sobre la democracia]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alfaguara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oscarsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sören]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Issue Voting Structured by Left-Right Ideology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Przeworski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracy and the limits of self-government]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Queirolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Success of the Left in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Notre Dame ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Notre Dame Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karen L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Rise of Leftist-Populist Governance in Latin America: The Roots of Electoral Change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Political Studies]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>947-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sader]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emir]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Nuevo Topo. Los caminos de la izquierda latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El &#8216;giro a la izquierda&#8217; en América Latina: Fragmentación y recomposición de la geopolítica regional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos sobre Relaciones Internacionales, Regionalismo y Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>17-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Challenging Neoliberalism in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somuano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reynaldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La identificación partidista de los mexicanos y el cambio electoral, 1994-2000]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Foro Internacional]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>10-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Telles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helcimara]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El votante latinoamericano. Comportamiento electoral y comunicación política]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cesop]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thwaites Rey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mabel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Después de la globalización neoliberal: ¿qué Estado en América Latina?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Observatorio Social de América Latina]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>XI</volume>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>19-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torcal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sistema de partidos en América Latina. Causas y consecuencias de su equilibrio inestable]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anthropos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Fin del giro a la izquierda en América Latina?]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Flacso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Cott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donna Lee]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los movimientos indígenas y sus logros: la representación y el reconocimiento jurídico en los Andes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[América Latina Hoy]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>36</numero>
<issue>36</issue>
<page-range>141-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Leeden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rien]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Busing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leeuw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jan de]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Erik]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of multilevel analysis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>401-33</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiesehomeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Discontent and the Left Turn in Latin America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Political Science Research and Methods]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>201-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weyland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kurt]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Performance of Leftist Governments in Latin America: Conceptual and Theoretical Issues]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weyland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kurt]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madrid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wendy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Leftist Governments in Latin America. Successes and Shortcomingst]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What Washington Means by Policy Reform]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American. How much has happened?]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute for International Economics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wooldridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeffrey M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mason Ohio ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[South-Western Cengage Learning]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Bank</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Development Indicators]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moira]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Cómo nació el mas? La ruralización de la política en Bolivia]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[La Paz ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Ebert]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
