<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-013X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Foro internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Foro int]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-013X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-013X2016000400903</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Gobierno conductual: nudges, cambio de comportamiento inconsciente y opacidad]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Behavioral Governance: Nudges, Unconscious Behavioral Change and Opacity]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Coups de pouce du gouvernement, modification inconsciente du comportement et opacité]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano Gault]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CIDE  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guanajuato  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>903</fpage>
<lpage>940</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-013X2016000400903&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-013X2016000400903&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-013X2016000400903&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Una nueva corriente en el horizonte de las reformas gubernamentales busca afectar el comportamiento de las personas para inducirlas a tomar mejores decisiones. El gobierno conductual asume que no se puede modificar efectivamente el comportamiento de las personas sólo con mecanismos racionales, como los incentivos, sino que es necesario inducir cambios de comportamientos inconscientes. Es necesario crear &#8220;arquitecturas de decisión&#8221; para aprovechar positivamente las fuerzas inconscientes de la mente humana, con el fin de motivar comportamientos más racionales. Asimismo, una de las críticas más recurrentes para los instrumentos basados en afectación de comportamientos inconscientes es la necesidad de cierta opacidad en su diseño y aplicación como necesaria para implementar los nudges de manera efectiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract A new trend on the horizon of government reforms seeks to alter people&#8217;s behavior by inducing them to take better decisions. Behavioral governance assumes that people&#8217;s behavior cannot be effectively altered with rational mechanisms alone -such as incentives- but that it is necessary to introduce unconscious behavioral changes. It is necessary to create &#8220;choice architecture&#8221; to take positive advantage of the unconscious powers of the human mind and thereby to motivate more rational behavior. Thus, one of the most frequent criticisms of instruments based on altering unconscious behavior is the need for a certain level of opacity in their design and application in order for the nudges to be implemented effectively.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumés Dans le domaine des réformes gouvernementales un nouveau courant s&#8217;avère, lequel cherche à influencer le comportement des personnes pour les pousser à prendre de meilleures décisions. Le « gouvernement conductuel » considère que les mécanismes rationnels, notamment ceux qui offrent des récompenses, ne suffisent pas à vraiment modifier la conduite des individus, mais qu&#8217;il faut aussi induire les changements par les voies de l&#8217;inconscient. C&#8217;est pourquoi on doit avoir recours à des «architectures pour l&#8217;aide à la décision» qui sachent profiter, d&#8217;une façon positive, des forces inconscientes de l&#8217;esprit humain pour motiver des actes plus rationnels. Bien entendu, une critique fréquente contre les instruments visant à influencer le comportement inconscient tient au fait qu&#8217;une certaine opacité est nécessaire pour les créer et les mettre en pratique, de telle sorte que les nudges (coups de pouce) puissent être efficaces.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nudges]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[neurociencias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía conductual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[opacidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reformas gubernamentales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nudges]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neurosciences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[behavioral economy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[opacity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[government reforms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[nudges]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[neurosciences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[économie conductuelle]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[opacité]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[réformes gouvernementales]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gobernanza y gestión pública]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Uno o varios tipos de gobernanza? Más allá de la gobernanza como moda: la prueba del tránsito organizacional]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Retana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bartolo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Gobierno y Administración Pública]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>9-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Upside of Irrationality]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harper]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barzelay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Breaking through Bureaucracy]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Behavioural Insights Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[EAST: Four Simple Ways to Apply Behavioural Insights]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Behavioural Insights Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Applying Behavioural Insights to Organ Donation]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Ravenous Brain]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nils]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mechanisms of Hope: Maintaining the Dream of the Rational Organization]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Copenague ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Copenhagen Business School Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brunsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nils]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Reforming Organization]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oslo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fagbokforlaget]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cartwrite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeremy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evidence-Based Policy: A Practical Guide to Do It Better]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Compston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugh]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Policy Networks and Policy Change: Putting Policy Network Theory to Test]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intuition Pumps and Other Tools of Thinking]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Norton & Co]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Freedom Evolves]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Mindspace: Influencing behavior through Public Policy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cabinet Office]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influencing the Financial Behavior of Individuals: The Mindspace Way]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Behavioral Public Policy]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>191-208</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eagleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pantheon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Salomonic Judgments: Studies in the Limitations of Rationality]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Voodoo Correlations Are Everywhere. Not Only on Neouroscience]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fiedler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Klaus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Psychological Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>163-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gigerenzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerd]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gut Feelings: The Intelligence of the Unconscious]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gigerenzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerd]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reckoning with Risk: Learning to Live with Uncertainty]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glimcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foundations of Neuroeconomic Analysis]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halpern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ersonal Responsibility and Changing Behavior: The State of Knowledge and Its Implications for Public Policy]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Strategy Unit]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Free Will]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Free Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance Measurement: Fashions and Fallacies]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hatry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Public Performance and Management Review]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>254</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>352-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Test, Learn, Adapt: Developing Public Policy with Randomised Controlled Trials]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Behavioural Insights Team]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hutson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Matthew]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Seven Laws of Magical Thinking]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Hudson Street P.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Management Gurus and Management Fashions]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irving]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Victims of Groupthink]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Houghton Mifflin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nudge Nudge, Think Think: Two Strategies for Changing Civic Behaviour]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Political Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>361-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotterill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sarah]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moseley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alice]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liz]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graham]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stoker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerry]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Corinne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nudge, Nudge, Think Think. Experimenting with the Ways to Change Civic Behavior]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Bloomsbury]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pykett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Changing Behaviours: On the Rise of the Psychological State]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cheltenham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahneman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pensar rápido, pensar despacio]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Debate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Achieving Culture Change]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cabinet Office]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How We Decide]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mariner]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unconscious Cerebral Initiative and the Role of Conscious Will in Voluntary Action]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benjamin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Behavioral and Brain Sciences]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>529-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lynn Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laurence]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Public Management: Old and New]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Libertarian Paternalism Is an Oxymoron]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregory]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Northwestern University Law Review]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why a Nudge Is Not Enough: A Social Identity Critique of Governance by Stealth]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mols]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Political Research]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montague]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Read]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How We Make Decisions]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[A Plume Book]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nudging, Shoving and Budging: Economic-Informed Policy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Public Administration]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>700-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfaff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Neuroscience of Fair Play]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dana Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Justificactions by Work or by Faith: Evaluating the New Public Management]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pollit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christopher]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluation]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nikolas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abi-Rached]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joelle]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neuro: The New Brain Sciences and the Management of the Min]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transforming Behavior Change: Beyond Nudge and Neuromania]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[RSA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lilienfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Herbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Administrative Behavior]]></source>
<year>1947</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chicago University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Why We Lie]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[St. Martin&#8217;s Griffin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring Outcome in the Public Sector]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Exeter ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor & Francis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cass R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Ethics of Nudging]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cass R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Simpler. The Future of Government]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Simon & Shuster]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tallis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymond]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Aping Mankind]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Durham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Acumen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thaler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cass]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trivers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Folly of Fools]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Basic Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Framing of Decision and the Psychology of Choice]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tversky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahneman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sciences]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4881</numero>
<issue>4881</issue>
<page-range>453-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Heijden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeroen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kosters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[From Mechanism to Virtue: Evaluating Nudge-Theory]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Regulatory Institution Network]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Puzzlingly High Correlations in fMRI Studies of Emotion, Personality, and Social Cognition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winkielman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Piotr]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pasher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harold]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives on Psychological Science]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>274-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Governmentality]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nudging All over the World]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Economic and Social Research Council]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[People Will Talk]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociobiology: The New Synthesis]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Belknap Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Moral Animal]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vintage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Physiology of Moral Sentiments]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Moral Markets]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Expertos y libertad en el paternalismo libertario]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Digital Universitaria]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-9</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
