Crotalus Aquilus Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae), a new state record for Zacatecas, Mexico
Crotalus aquilus Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae), un nuevo registro estatal para Zacatecas, México
Rubén Alonso Carbajal-Márquez1*, Zaira Yaneth González-Saucedo2 & José Carlos Arenas-Monroy3
1 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096. La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. *<redman031@hotmail.com>
]]> 2 Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Ciencias, Av. de la Ciencias S/N, Col. Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Querétaro, México.3 Laboratorio de Herpetología, Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510. Distrito Federal, México.
Recibido: 21/03/2014;
Aceptado: 03/10/2014.
RESUMEN
Se registra la presencia de Crotalus aquilus en el bosque de encino, en la Sierra El Laurel, municipios de Huanusco, Jalpa y Nochistlán de Mejía, Zacatecas. Estos ejemplares representan los primeros registros para Zacatecas y amplían la distribución de C. aquilus a través de la Sierra El Laurel hacia la parte de Zacatecas.
Small-bodied montane rattlesnakes of the Crotalus triseriatus group inhabit primarily pine-oak forest of southern United States, and mainland México. This group contains 9 species C. aquilus, C. armstrongi, C. campbelli, C. lepidus, C. morulus, C. pusillus, C. ravus, C. tlaloci and C. triseriatus (Bryson et al. 2010; Bryson et al. 2014). Of these, the Queretaran Dusky Rattlesnake (Crotalus aquilus) that was originally described as C. triseriatus aquilus by Klauber (1952), is endemic to México and inhabits rock outcroppings in pine-oak forests, open mesquite-grasslands, sub-tropical scrub forests, and a variety of field crops. Crotalus aquilus occurs in the southern edge of the Mexican Plateau, and northern half of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the states of Aguascalientes, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, and Veracruz; from 1800 up to 2627 m above sea level (Vázquez-Díaz & Quintero-Díaz 2005; Meik et al. 2007). Although, it has been speculated by Armstrong and Murphy (1979), Campbell & Lamar (2004) and Alvarado-Díaz & Suazo-Ortuño (2006) that C. aquilus could be found even higher, up to 3100 m asl.
]]> The herpetofauna of Zacatecas remains poorly sampled and in the past four years, a number of new records of amphibians and reptiles have been documented (Ahumada-Carrillo et al. 2011; Ahumada-Carrillo & Vázquez-Huizar, 2012; Carbajal-Márquez et al. 2012; García-Balderas & Quintero-Díaz, 2012). To our knowledge, the herpetofauna of Zacatecas consists of 121 species: 24 amphibians and 97 reptiles (Ahumada-Carrillo pers. comm.). In this sense, several species of amphibians and reptiles from adjacent states are expected to inhabit Zacatecas and await formal discovery. Here we present data on five specimens of C. aquilus, which confirm the presence of the species for the state. All specimens were photographed and then released, photo-vouchers were deposited in La Sierra University Digital Photo Collection (LSUDPC) and verified by the collection manager L. L. Grismer. All coordinates have the same reference datum WGS84, and elevation appears in meters above sea level (m asl).During a field trip on 19 April 2007, RACM and ZYGS captured a subadult male of Crotalus aquilus in Sierra El Laurel, municipality of Huanusco, Zacatecas, ca. 4.5 km SW of Presa los Alamitos, Calvillo, Aguascalientes (21°42'56.49" N, 102°45'4.88" W; 2616 m asl). The specimen was found inactive beneath a rock in an oak forest (photographic vouchers LSUDPC 8016-17). Subsequently RACM captured four additional specimens of C. aquilus on 01 October 2013, two neonates from the municipality of Jalpa, Zacatecas (21°36'1.68" N, 102°51'47.34" W; 2574 m asl), and two females (Fig. 1), from the municipality of Nochistlán de Mejía (21°35'52.15" N, 102°51'41.54" W; 2572 m asl); these four specimens were found basking among rock piles in oak savannah habitat (photographic vouchers LSUDPC 8194-97).
Collectively these records slightly extend the distribution of Crotalus aquilus in the Sierra El Laurel to its Zacatecas state counterpart (Fig. 2), ca. 21.8 km (straight-line) SW of Ciénega de Quijas, between Aguascalientes and Jalisco state border (McCranie & Wilson 2001; Vázquez-Díaz & Quintero-Díaz 2005). The oak forest communities present in all three localities are nearly identical to their counterparts in Aguascalientes and Jalisco where numerous records of C. aquilus exist, thus the occurrence of this species in Zacatecas is not surprising given both the nearby records and the continuity of habitat, but not confirmed until the present work.
The viperid fauna of Zacatecas state now comprises eight species, all in the genus Crotalus: C. aquilus, C. atrox, C. basiliscus, C. lepidus, C. molossus, C. polystictus, C. scutulatus, and C. willardi. Only two of these species are sympatric with C. aquilus in Sierra El Laurel (C. molossus, and C. polystictus), but only C. aquilus appears to be restricted to the Sierra El Laurel, in the southwestern edge of Zacatecas state.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank Bradford Hollingsworth for comments on a previous draft of this note. We thank Eric A. Rivas-Mercado and Marco A. Domínguez-de la Riva for field assistance.
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