<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0041-8633</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Boletín mexicano de derecho comparado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Bol. Mex. Der. Comp.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0041-8633</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0041-86332021000200509</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24484873e.2021.161.16484</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[&#8220;Knock for knock&#8221; en contratos de fletamento: sus elementos centrales e interpretación judicial en el derecho comparado norteamericano e inglés]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[&#8220;Knock for knock&#8221; in charterparties: key elements and judicial construction under English and American law]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Derecho ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>161</numero>
<fpage>509</fpage>
<lpage>540</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0041-86332021000200509&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0041-86332021000200509&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0041-86332021000200509&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La noción de &#8220;knock for knock&#8221; implica un régimen contractual que aplica un principio de distribución del riesgo y asignación de sus responsabilidades asociadas. Esta distribución se realiza sobre el criterio de que cada parte soporta sus propios riesgos, por lo que asume las responsabilidades derivadas de ello y se espera que obtenga seguros en consecuencia. Se implementa, como un régimen contractual, por medio de una o varias cláusulas. Existen varias herramientas jurídicas que permiten establecer un régimen de estas características. Dentro de la noción genérica de cláusulas eximentes de responsabilidad, las dos vías más comunes suponen: una, las cláusulas de exoneración o limitación de la responsabilidad reciprocas; la otra, las indemnidades mutuas. Se analiza la incorporación de regímenes de &#8220;knock for knock&#8221; en contratos de fletamento a tiempo de buques. Primero, se ofrece una noción de &#8220;knock for knock&#8221; y su incorporación al contrato. Segundo se destacan los principales criterios de interpretación de contratos de fletamento a tiempo y se analiza la interpretación y validez de las cláusulas de &#8220;knock for knock&#8221; en dichos contratos, a la luz de la jurisprudencia norteamericana e inglesa. Metodológicamente se aborda desde la hermenéutica jurídica, se recurre a la doctrina, normativa y jurisprudencia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Knock for knock involves a contractual regime applying a principle of risk distribution and allocation of liability. This principle performs said distribution on the rationale that each party bears its own risks, therefore assuming the liabilities deriving from them, and each party is also expected to obtain insurance in respect of the assumed risks. The parties implement this contractual regime through one or more clauses, usually. There are several legal tools that allow establishing such a regime. The most common legal tools are both mutual exclusion clauses and mutual indemnity clauses, which fall within the generic notion of exemption clauses. This article offers the analysis of knock for knock regimes in time charterparties. Firstly, it offers a notion of knock for knock and its implementation in contracts. Second, it highlights the principal criteria in the construction of time charterpaties, and particularly of knock for knock clauses, according to both United States&#8217; and United Kingdom&#8217;s Jurisprudence. The methodology involves legal hermeneutics, and considers legal commentators, treaties, statutes and jurisprudence.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cláusulas de indemnidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[&#8220;knock for knock&#8221;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derecho marítimo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fletamento a tiempo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industria petrolera y de construcción costa afuera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indemnity clauses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[knock for knock]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[maritime law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[time charterparties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oil industry and offshore construction industry]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amakoromo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Back to back&#8221; indemnities: benefits and potential dangers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Energy Law Review]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>248-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>American Law Institute</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Restatement of the Law Second, Restatement (Second) Contracts]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chapter 1: The Conflict of Laws]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonne]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Maritime Law]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Informa Law from Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugh]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chitty on Contracts]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>I</volume>
<edition>32</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Maxwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donald P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Oilfield master service agreements: indemnities and associated insurance provisions]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation Oil and Gas Agreements]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Black&#8217;s Law Dictionary]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<edition>8</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Thomsom West]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavaleri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sylvie]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Validity of Knock-for-Knock Clauses in Comparative Perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Review of Private Law]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coghlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Terence]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Time Charters]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>7</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Voyage Charters]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Divis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contract Exposure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Standard Bulletin]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Standard Club, Charles &amp; Taylor]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navas Garatea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maximiliano]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La navegabilidad del buque en el derecho marítimo internacional]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerdin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anita]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syversen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Fleime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Distribution of liability and division of risk in offshore fabrication contracts]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Victor P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Achilleas: Forsaking Foreseeability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Legal Problems]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>107-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Indemnities in Offshore Construction Projects - Do Not Be Shocked by Knock for knock]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. Randall]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. Vincent]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Deconstructing the Indemnification Provision]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation Oil &amp; Gas Agreements]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Lord Sumption</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A Question of Taste: The Supreme Court and The Interpretation of Contracts]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harris Society Annual Lecture, Keble College]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edwin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Treitel The Law of Contract]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>14</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sweet &amp; Maxwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perrella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liability and risks in project cargo from a civil law perspective]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Domingo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho de la navegación]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>II</volume>
<page-range>Abeledo Perrot</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jeanette H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lynn M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transferring Risk by Contractual Indemnity: A View from Oil and Energy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Def. Couns. J.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>371</numero>
<issue>371</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rainey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Law Of Tug And Tow And Offshore Contracts]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxon]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saraceni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pat]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Summers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicholas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reviewing Knock For Knock Indemnities: Risk Allocation In Maritime And Offshore Oil And Gas Contracts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian And New Zealand Maritime Law Journal]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stiglitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rubén S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho de seguros]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>II</volume>
<edition>6</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[La Ley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graydon S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meting Out Misfortune: How the Courts are Allotting the Costs of Maritime Injury in the Eighties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Louisiana Law Review]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>917</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ungerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johannes]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Consequences of Brexit for European Private International Law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Papers]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>395-407</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Reglamento 1215/2012]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
