<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0036-3634</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud pública Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0036-3634</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0036-36342021000100034</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21149/11268</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from a swine farm in a region of Morelos state, Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patotipos diarreicos de Escherichia coli aislados de una granja porcina en una región del estado de Morelos, México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamayo-Legorreta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elsa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Radilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Téllez-Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpuche-Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celia M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>34</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0036-36342021000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0036-36342021000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0036-36342021000100034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Objective: Determine the frequency of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes colonizing swine.  Materials and methods: E. coli strains isolated of fecal samples from 280 swine, produced for local consumption, in a semi-technical farm of Morelos state (central Mexico), were tested to identify the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes by multiplex PCR. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were determined for the study of genetic diversity between pathigenic E. coli strains.  Results: Of the 521-diarrheagenic E. coli isolates examined, 50 (9.6%) were positive for at least one virulence gene in 42 different animals. Thus, 15% (42/280) of the swine in this farm were colonized with pathogenic E. coli. Among the E. coli isolates, the pathotype EPEC (6.5%) was the most frequently, followed by EHEC (2.3%), ETEC and EIEC (0.4%). The study of genetic diversity, carried out by PFGE of 40 representative isolates, revealed 25 distinct restriction profiles clustered in 21 groups (A-U).  Conclusions: In this study, four different E. coli pathotypes were found among swine colonized by E. coli in this farm. Thus, these swine are reservoirs for these virulent bacteria and there is potential risk of causing diarrhea in swine and in the population consuming the meat.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de patotipos diarreicos de Escherichia coli que colonizan cerdos.  Material y métodos: Se analizaron cepas de E. coli aisladas de muestras fecales de 280 cerdos, producidas para consumo local, en una granja del estado de Morelos (centro de México) para identificar los patotipos diarreicos de E. coli por PCR multiplex. Se determinó la electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE) para el estudio de la diversidad genética entre cepas patógenas de E. coli.  Resultados: De los 521 aislados de E. coli con patotipos diarreicos examinados, 50 (9.6%) fueron positivos para al menos un gen de virulencia en 42 animales diferentes. Así, 15% (42/280 porcinos) fueron colonizados con E. coli patógeno. Entre los aislados de E. coli de porcinos, el patotipo EPEC (6.5%) fue el más frecuente, seguido por EHEC (2.3%), ETEC y EIEC (0.4%). El estudio de la diversidad genética, realizado por PFGE de 40 cepas representativas, reveló 25 perfiles de restricción distintos agrupados en 21 grupos (A-U).  Conclusiones: En este estudio, se encontraron cuatro diferentes patotipos de E. coli entre los cerdos colonizados por E. coli. Estos cerdos son reservorios de estas bacterias virulentas y existe un riesgo potencial de causar diarrea en los cerdos y en la población que consume la carne.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[diarrhea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[swine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diarrea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cerdos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendonça]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Virulence]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farfán-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariza-Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Remolina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mecanismos de virulencia de Escherichia coli enteropatógena]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Chil Infectol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>438-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nataro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mobley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenic Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Rev Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>123-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nataro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Microbiol Rev]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>142-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosák]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hrala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Micenková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cízek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Porcine pathogenic Escherichia coli strains differ from human fecal strains in occurrence of bacteriocin types]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>232</volume>
<page-range>121-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trabulsi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tardelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Emerg Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>508-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Valle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of enteropathogenic and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle and deer in a shared agroecosystem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Cell Infect Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>29</numero>
<issue>29</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helgerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>308</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>681-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gortázar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Escherichia coli virulence genes in patients with diarrhea and a subpopulation of healthy volunteers in Madrid, Spain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>641</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sunabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Honma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between O-serogroup and presence of pathogenic factor genes in Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microbiol Immunol]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>845-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujihara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wakabayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okahata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in foods and fecal specimens obtained from cattle, pigs, chickens, asymptomatic carriers, and patients in Osaka and Hyogo, Japan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jpn J Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>464-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fairbrother]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nadeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gyles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Escherichia coli in postweaning diarrhea in pigs: an update on bacterial types, pathogenesis, and prevention strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anim Health Res Rev]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Gallas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouratbeen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Haasen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben Aissa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Etiology of acute diarrhea in children and adults in Tunis, Tunisia, with emphasis on diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: prevalence, phenotyping, and molecular epidemiology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Trop Med Hyg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>571-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kitagawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scaletsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Real-time multiplex PCR assay and melting curve analysis for identifying diarrheagenic Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1031-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaufmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Methods Mol Med]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>33-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Standard operating procedure for PulseNet PFGE of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Escherichia coli non-O157 (STEC), Salmonella serotypes, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Atlanta ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arbeit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mickelsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Persing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swaminathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2233-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luppi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Swine enteric colibacillosis: diagnosis, therapy and antimicrobial resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Porc Health Manag]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berzosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irache]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal Vaccination. Immunization of Sows during Pregnancy against ETEC Infections]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vaccines (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melkebeek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goddeeris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ETEC vaccination in pigs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Immunol Immunopathol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>37-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets in the suckling and weaning period in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>148-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frequency of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from suckling pigs with diarrhoea in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>199</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>286-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frequency of Diarrheagenic Virulence Genes and Characteristics in Escherichia coli Isolates from Pigs with Diarrhea in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Microorganisms]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vu Khac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holoda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilipcinec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco J]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serotypes, virulence genes, and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in Slovakia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Vet Res]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caprioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nigrelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zavanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from pigs and cattle in northern Italy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Rec]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>323-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DesRosiers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fairbrother]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desautels]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Letellier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quessy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli verotoxin-producing isolates from humans and pigs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Prot]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1904-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and characterization of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from piglets suffering post-weaning diarrhoea in Shandong Province, China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular characterization of shiga like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from pigs oedema]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Med Res]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>602-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tahamtan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Namavari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and distribution of the stx1, stx2 genes in Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) isolates from cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iran J Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flowers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DebRoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gookin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Diarrhea and Related Mortality in Kittens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>2719-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kugler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szmolka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenic potential and virulence genotypes of intestinal and faecal isolates of porcine post-weaning enteropathogenic Escherichia coli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Res Vet Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>102-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea: a hospital-based study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Infect Dis]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vu Khac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holoda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilipcinec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Serotypes, virulence genes, and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in Slovakia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Vet Res]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tseng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fratamico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delannoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Funk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diverse virulence gene content of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from finishing swine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appl Environ Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>6395-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
