<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0036-3634</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud pública Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0036-3634</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0036-36342017000400004</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21149/8485</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Population profiles associated with severe functioning difficulties and disability among two to four years old children in Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Perfiles poblacionales asociados a dificultades severas de funcionamiento y discapacidad en niños de dos a cuatro años de edad en México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rosalba]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Filipa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villalobos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aremis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Betania]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrientos-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tonatiuh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazcano-Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Dirección de Salud Reproductiva]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Encuestas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Cátedras]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional Dirección de Salud Reproductiva]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>361</fpage>
<lpage>369</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0036-36342017000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0036-36342017000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0036-36342017000400004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Objective:  To describe the prevalence and factors associated with severe child functioning difficulties and disability (CFD) among two to four year old children in Mexico, and estimates the probability of presenting CFD based on specific population profiles.  Materials and methods:  The sample consists of 5 104 children who participated in the National Survey of Children and Women 2015 (ENIM). We used post-estimation exploration by computing predicted values of CFD to interpret the logistic models for discrete combinations of the independent variables.  Results:  CFD prevalence is 2%, which means at least 130 000 two to four year-old children are at risk of experiencing severely limited participation in an unaccommodating environment. The probability of presenting CFD is dramatically higher in specific sub-groups of the population, in particular, male children of women with low education, who live in the poorest households.  Conclusions:  A significant proportion of Mexican children face important challenges due to functioning difficulties and disability. Public policies must be developed to accommodate the needs of these children and provide a proper environment for their development.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Objetivo:  Describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados con las dificultades severas de funcionamiento y discapacidad (CFD, por sus siglas en inglés) en niños de dos a cuatro años de edad en México y estimar la probabilidad de presentar CFD basada en perfiles poblacionales específicos.  Material y métodos:  La muestra fue conformada por 5 104 niños participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de los Niños, Niñas y Mujeres (ENIM) 2015. Se realizó una post-estimación calculando los valores predichos de CFD para interpretar los modelos logísticos a partir de combinaciones discretas de las variables independientes.  Resultados:  La prevalencia de CFD es de 2%, lo que significa que al menos 130 000 niños de 2 a 4 años de edad están en riesgo de experimentar una participación severamente limitada en un ambiente no adaptado a sus necesidades. La probabilidad de presentar CFD aumenta dramáticamente en subgrupos específicos de la población, en particular los hijos varones de mujeres con baja educación, que viven en los hogares más pobres.  Conclusión:  Una proporción importante de la población infantil mexicana enfrenta retos importantes derivados de las dificultades de funcionamiento y la discapacidad. Es necesario desarrollar políticas públicas que respondan a las necesidades específicas de este grupo poblacional, proporcionando un entorno apropiado para su desarrollo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[functioning difficulties and disability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ENIM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dificultades de funcionamiento y discapacidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ENIM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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