<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2021000400101</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31349/revmexfis.67.040601</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Visualization and measurement of turbulent flow inside a Submerged Entry Nozzle and off the ports]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Real-Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvajal-Mariscal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Tello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabbasov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes-de-la-Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2021000400101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2021000400101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2021000400101&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This work presents the results of the analysis of the turbulent flow inside a Submerged Entry Nozzle and outside the ports of a model using visualization and PIV techniques. The Submerged Entry Nozzle model consists of a vertical, constant diameter tube with two rounded exit ports found at the bottom with a downward angle of 15o each. The visualization method is the first step in analyzing the characteristics of the port&#8217;s internal and external flow. To enhance the visualizations, a LED light source is employed to illuminate the Submerged Entry Nozzle, which reduces the reflections in the images. Also, a transparent cell consisting of a cubic volume with reduced dimensions was used to capture images from the high-speed camera and to record the flow pattern. To calculate the fluid velocity within the Submerged Entry Nozzle and close to the exit ports, laser-illuminated Particle Imaging Velocimetry was used. We confirm the previously reported formation of vortical structures closed to the exit ports that interact with each other altering the swirl motion of the exit flow, previously reported. Visualization and Particle Imaging Velocimetry results were compared with the numerical simulations results. Experimental scaled model and Computational Fluid Dynamics results were used to enhance the findings of the Submerged Entry Nozzle internal flow. On the other hand, physical model and Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics results were used to expand the information of the jet flow outside the exit ports. Both physical and numerical results display a high turbulent flow behavior close to and off the exit ports of the Submerged Entry Nozzle. Experimental and numerical methods may be used together to develop a method to design a better Submerged Entry Nozzle and increase the quality of the steel slab.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Visualization technique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[particle Imaging velocimetry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[turbulent flow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[smoothed-particle hydrodynamics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[computational fluid dynamics]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Thermal Simulation Method for Solidification Process of Steel Slab in Continuous Casting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mold Simulator Study of the Initial Solidification of Molten Steel in Continuous Casting Mold: Part II. Effects of Mold Oscillation and Mold Level Fluctuation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Free Surface in a Water Model of a Slab Continuous Casting Mold]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISIJ Int.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>45</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bubble behavior in the slab continuous casting model: Physical and mathematical model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mater. Res. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hydrodynamic Analysis of the Flow inside the Submerged Entry Nozzle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Math. Probl. Eng.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>2020</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental and Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow Processes in Continuous Casting: Results from the LIMMCAST-Project]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>228</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physical and Numerical Simulation of the Fluid Flow and Temperature Distribution in Bloom Continuous Casting]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mold, Steel Res. Int.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>88</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Numerical and Physical Parametric Analysis of a SEN with Flow Conditioners in Slab Continuous Casting Model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch. Metall. Mater.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>62</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effects of a Submerged Entry Nozzle on Flow and Initial Solidification in a Continuous Casting Bloom Mold with Electromagnetic Stirring]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metals.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling of Quasi-Four-Phase Flow in Continuous Casting Mold Using Hybrid Eulerian and Lagrangian Approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pirker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahrimanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schneiderbauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Secondary Vortex Formation in Bifurcated Submerged Entry Nozzles: Numerical Simulation of Gas Bubble Entrapment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>46</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.-Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.-K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.-F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsukihashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling of Transient Two-Phase Flow in a Continuous Casting Mold Using Euler-Euler Large Eddy Simulation Scheme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISIJ Int.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>53</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transient Asymmetric Flow and Bubble Transport Inside a Slab Continuous-Casting Mold]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>45</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabbasov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of GPUSPH Code for Simulations of Fluid Injection Through Submerged Entry Nozzle, in Supercomputing. ISUM 19]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Communications in Computer and Information Science]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>1151</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Large Eddy Simulations of the Effects of EMBr and SEN Submergence Depth on Turbulent Flow in the Mold Region of a Steel Caster]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transient TwoPhase Flow in Slide-Gate Nozzle and Mold of Continuous Steel Slab Casting with and without Double-Ruler ElectroMagnetic Braking]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>47</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Real]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transient Internal Flow Characterization of a Bifurcated Submerged Entry Nozzle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISIJ Int.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>46</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.-W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of Standard k-&#949; Model and RSM on Three Dimensional Turbulent Flow in the SEN of Slab Continuous Caster Controlled by Slide Gate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISIJ Int.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>51</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsukihashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instability and Periodicity of Asymmetrical Flow in a Funnel Thin Slab Continuous Casting Model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ISIJ Int.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>55</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influencing Parameter Study on Primary Breakup of Free Falling Steel Melt Jets Using Volume of Fluid Simulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Steel Res. Int.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>87</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[LBM-LES Simulation of the Transient Asymmetric Flow and Free Surface Fluctuations under Steady Operating Conditions of Slab Continuous Casting Process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kratzsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of different Methods to model Transient Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Flow in Continuous Casting Molds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>143</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of electromagnetic forcing on selfsustained jet oscillations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Fluids]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>26</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kratzsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Numerical Investigation of the Free Surface in a Model Mold]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Steel Res. Int.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>87</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspect Ratio Effects on Fluid Flow Fluctuations in Rectangular Cavities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>45</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Large-Eddy Simulation of Transient Horizontal Gas-Liquid Flow in Continuous Casting Using Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metall. Mater. Trans. B]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Litron Lasers Ltd.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Litron Pulsed Laser Control Software]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>18</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[United Kingdom ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Litron Lasers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Vision Research</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Phantom Help File]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Jersey ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vision Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thielicke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stamhuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[PIVlab-Towards Userfriendly, Affordable and Accurate Difital Particle Image Velocimetry in MATLAB]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Open Res. Software]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>OpenFOAM Foundation</collab>
<source><![CDATA[OpenFOAM v8 User Guide]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shukla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[OpenFOAM based LES of slot jet impingement heat transfer at low nozzle to plate spacing using four SGS models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heat Mass Transfer]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>55</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rustico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in Multi-GPU Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>25</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
