<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2021000200180</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31349/revmexfis.67.180</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Stark-shift-chirped rapid-adiabatic-passage technique in tripod systems]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirkhanghah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saadati-Niari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nedaee-Shakarab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Islamic Azad University Department of Physics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Khalkhal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Faculty of Sciences Department of Physics]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ardabil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Islamic Azad University Department of Physics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ardabil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>180</fpage>
<lpage>187</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2021000200180&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2021000200180&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2021000200180&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract We show that the technique of Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage (SCRAP) can be implemented in tripod quantum systems. We propose a robust scheme to create a coherent superposition of two ground states, in a tripod system, via the Stark-shift-chirped rapid adiabatic passage technique. The technique of tripod-SCRAP uses four laser pulses: an intense far-off-resonance Stark laser pulse modifies the transition frequency between the states by Stark shifting their energies and three nearly resonant pump, Stokes and control laser pulses that fractionally transfer the population between the ground states via the adiabatic passage. In our scheme, the pulse duration of the pump pulse must be larger than the pulse duration of the Stokes and control pulses, although with a smaller amplitude, and the atom encounters with the pump and Stokes laser pulses with counterintuitive pulse sequence (the Stokes pulse arrives before the rest of the pulses). This technique applies to one-photon as well as multiphoton transitions, and the two fields do not need to vanish simultaneously. Tripod-SCRAP can be a powerful alternative tool for f-STIRAP and tripod-STIRAP techniques, at least when inhomogeneous broadenings are included. This scheme is robust against variations of intensities of the laser pulses, of detunings from resonances, and the time delay between the pulses.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coherent control of atomic interactions with photons]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[level crossing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[optical pumping]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yatsenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halfmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vardi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Source of metastable H(2s) atoms using the Stark chirped rapid-adiabatic-passage technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>60</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rickes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yatsenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steuerwald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halfmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficient adiabatic population transfer by two-photon excitation assisted by a laser induced Stark shif]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chem. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>113</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rickes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marangos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halfmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhancement of third-harmonic generation by Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Opt. Commun.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>227</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microscopic description of spontaneous emission in Stark chirped rapid adiabatic passages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Theor. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>57</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yatsenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rickes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creation of coherent superpositions using Starkchirped rapid adiabatic passage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Opt. Commun.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>204</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amniat-Talab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoda-Bakhsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guérin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantum state engineering in a cavity by Stark chirped rapid adiabatic passage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Lett. A]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>359</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johansson, Cen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashhab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Controllable coherent population transfer in superconducting qubits for quantum computing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>100</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantum state engineering with flux-biased Josephson phase qubits by rapid adiabatic passages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>82</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangelov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yatsenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halfmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stark-shift-chirped rapid adiabatic-passage technique among three states]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>72</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirkhanghah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saadati-Niari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahadpour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fractional population transfer among three-level systems in a cavity by Stark-shift-chirped rapid adiabatic passage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Quantum Inf. Process.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaubatz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudecki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Population transfer between molecular vibrational levels by stimulated Raman scattering with partially overlapping laser fields. A new concept and experimental results]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chem. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>92</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coherent population transfer among quantum states of atoms and molecules]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mod. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>70</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleischhauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coherent manipulation of atoms and molecules by sequential laser pulses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv. At. Mol. Opt. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>46</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halfmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laser-induced population transfer by adiabatic passage techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>52</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perspective: Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: The status after 25 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chem. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>142</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangelov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in physics, chemistry, and beyond]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mod. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>89</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangelov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage analogues in classical physics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. B]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>42</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schönfeldt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Twamley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebi&#263;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimized control of Stark-shift-chirped rapid adiabatic passage in a &#923;-type three-level system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>80</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unanyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fleischhauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robust creation and phase-sensitive probing of superposition states via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) with degenerate dark states]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Opt. Commun.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>155</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unanyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.G.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Laser-driven population transfer in four-level atoms: Consequences of non Abelian geometrical adiabatic phase factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>59</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unanyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Habscheid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Novel laser controlled variable matter wave beam-splitter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Opt. Express]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>4</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vewinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia-Fernandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creation and Measurement of a Coherent Superposition of Quantum States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>91</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coulston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Population transfer by stimulated Raman scattering with delayed pulses: Analytical results for multilevel systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chem. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>96</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suominen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creation of coherent atomic superpositions by fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. B]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>32</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirkhanghah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saadati-Niari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nonlinear fractional stimulated Raman exact passage in three-level &#923; systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Fís.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>66</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Theory of Coherent Atomic Excitation]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirza-Zadeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saadati-Niari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amniat-Talab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coherent superposition of states in N-pod systems by hyperbolic-tangent coincident pulses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laser Phys. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reduction of degenerate two-level excitation to independent two-state systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>27</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangelov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vitanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extension of the Morris-Shore transformation to multilevel ladders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev. A]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>74</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two-state behavior in N-state quantum systems: The Morris-Shore transformation reviewed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mod. Opt.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>61</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
