<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2015000400011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Método de lente térmica resuelta en frecuencia para medir coeficientes de difusión térmica en muestras líquidas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Granizo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guanga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Debut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Politécnica Nacional Departamento de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito Pichincha]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica de Machala Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Machala El Oro]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo Escuela de Física y Matemática ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Yachay Empresa Pública Gerencia de Educación Ciencia y Tecnología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas Escuela Politécnica del Ejército Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sangolquí ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>301</fpage>
<lpage>306</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2015000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2015000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2015000400011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se propone un experimento para la medición de la constante de difusividad térmica de muestras líquidas y sistemas coloidales de nano-partículas utilizando el efecto de lente térmica inducida por un diodo láser modulado en frecuencia. El método consiste en medir la señal fototérmica en función de la frecuencia de modulación del láser. A partir de la gráfica experimental obtenida, es posible estimar la difusividad térmica de la muestra si se conoce el radio del haz del láser dentro de la misma. El experimento es calibrado por medio de la estimación de la difusividad térmica del etanol. Los coeficientes difusividad térmica de soluciones acuosas de Azul Brillante FCF y sistemas de nanopartículas de plata también son estimadas indicando un incremento de hasta un orden de magnitud del sistema de nanopartículas en relación al fluido base. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el método es robusto, con un costo de implementación reducido y con la sensibilidad necesaria para caracterizar térmicamente materiales líquidos transparentes y semi-transparentes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[An experiment for measuring the thermal diffusivity of a liquid sample and nanoparticle colloidal systems using the thermal lens effect, induced by a frequency modulated laser diode, is proposed. The method consists in measuring the photothermal signal depending on the modulation frequency of the laser. From the experimental data is possible to estimate the thermal diffusivity of the sample if the radius of the laser beam is known. The experiment is calibrated by estimating the thermal diffusivity of ethanol. Thermal diffusivity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Brilliant Blue FCF and silver nanoparticles systems are also estimated indicating an increment of an order of magnitude of the nanoparticles system relative to the base liquid. The results show that the method is robust, with a reduced implementation cost and sensitivity enough to thermally characterize transparent and semi-transparent liquid materials.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efectos fototérmicos;]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[difusividad térmica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lente térmica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nanopartículas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Photothermal effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermal diffusivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermal lensing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nanoparticles]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Instrumentaci&oacute;n</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>M&eacute;todo de lente t&eacute;rmica resuelta en frecuencia para medir coeficientes de difusi&oacute;n t&eacute;rmica en muestras l&iacute;quidas</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>L. G. Rodriguez<sup>a,</sup>*, L. P. Cantini<sup>b</sup>, E. Granizo<sup>c</sup>, D. P. Guanga&ordf;, A. D&iacute;az&#45;Barrios<sup>d</sup>, A. Debut<sup>e</sup>, J. L. Paz<i><sup>a,f</sup></i> y C. Costa Vera<sup>a,g</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Escuela Polit&eacute;cnica Nacional, Ladr&oacute;n de Guevara E11&#45;253, Ed. Ing. Civil Piso 1, 170517, Apdo. 17&#45;12&#45;866 Quito, Ecuador. * </i>e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:gerarluis@gmail.com">gerarluis@gmail.com</a>, <a href="mailto:luisg.rodriguez@epn.edu.ec">luisg.rodriguez@epn.edu.ec</a> </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad T&eacute;cnica de Machala, Kilometro 5</i><i>&#189;</i> <i>Ciudadela Universitaria, Machala, Ecuador.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> Escuela de F&iacute;sica y Matem&aacute;tica, Escuela Superior Polit&eacute;cnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.</i></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i> <sup>d</sup> Gerencia de Educaci&oacute;n Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a, Yachay EP, Amazonas N26&#45;146 y la Ni&ntilde;a, Quito, Ecuador.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"> <sup>e</sup> <i>Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog&iacute;a, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, POBOX: 1715&#45;231B, Sangolqu&iacute;, Ecuador.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i> <sup>f</sup> Departamento de Qu&iacute;mica, Universidad Sim&oacute;n Bol&iacute;var, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1086, Venezuela.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>g</sup> Grupo Ecuatoriano para el Estudio Experimental y Te&oacute;rico de Nanosistemas (GETNano), Diego de Robles y V&iacute;a Interoce&aacute;nica, USFQ, N104&#45;E, Quito, Ecuador.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 25 March 2015.     <br> Accepted 27 May 2015.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se propone un experimento para la medici&oacute;n de la constante de difusividad t&eacute;rmica de muestras l&iacute;quidas y sistemas coloidales de nano&#45;part&iacute;culas utilizando el efecto de lente t&eacute;rmica inducida por un diodo l&aacute;ser modulado en frecuencia. El m&eacute;todo consiste en medir la se&ntilde;al fotot&eacute;rmica en funci&oacute;n de la frecuencia de modulaci&oacute;n del l&aacute;ser. A partir de la gr&aacute;fica experimental obtenida, es posible estimar la difusividad t&eacute;rmica de la muestra si se conoce el radio del haz del l&aacute;ser dentro de la misma. El experimento es calibrado por medio de la estimaci&oacute;n de la difusividad t&eacute;rmica del etanol. Los coeficientes difusividad t&eacute;rmica de soluciones acuosas de Azul Brillante FCF y sistemas de nanopart&iacute;culas de plata tambi&eacute;n son estimadas indicando un incremento de hasta un orden de magnitud del sistema de nanopart&iacute;culas en relaci&oacute;n al fluido base. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el m&eacute;todo es robusto, con un costo de implementaci&oacute;n reducido y con la sensibilidad necesaria para caracterizar t&eacute;rmicamente materiales l&iacute;quidos transparentes y semi&#45;transparentes.</font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Efectos fotot&eacute;rmicos; difusividad t&eacute;rmica; lente t&eacute;rmica; nanopart&iacute;culas.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">An experiment for measuring the thermal diffusivity of a liquid sample and nanoparticle colloidal systems using the thermal lens effect, induced by a frequency modulated laser diode, is proposed. The method consists in measuring the photothermal signal depending on the modulation frequency of the laser. From the experimental data is possible to estimate the thermal diffusivity of the sample if the radius of the laser beam is known. The experiment is calibrated by estimating the thermal diffusivity of ethanol. Thermal diffusivity coefficients of aqueous solutions of Brilliant Blue FCF and silver nanoparticles systems are also estimated indicating an increment of an order of magnitude of the nanoparticles system relative to the base liquid. The results show that the method is robust, with a reduced implementation cost and sensitivity enough to thermally characterize transparent and semi&#45;transparent liquid materials.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Photothermal effects; thermal diffusivity; thermal lensing; nanoparticles.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 42.62.Eh; 07.60.&#45;j; 44.10.+i.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v61n4/v61n4a11.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. J. P. Gordon, R. C. C. Leite, R. S. Moore, S. P. S. Porto, and J. R. Whinnery, <i>J. Appl. Phys.</i> <b>36</b> (1965) 3.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403852&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. J. F. S&aacute;nchez Ram&iacute;rez, J. L. Jim&eacute;nez P&eacute;rez, R. Carbajal Valdez, A. Cruz Orea, R. Guti&eacute;rrez Fuentes, and J. L. Herrera&#45;P&eacute;rez, <i>Int. J. Thermophys.</i> <b>27</b> (2006) 1182.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403854&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. L. Rodr&iacute;guez, J. Ramirez y A. Marcano, <i>Rev. Mex. F&iacute;s.</i> <b>51</b> (2005) 1.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403856&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. J. Whinnery, D. Miller, and F. Dabby, <i>IEEE J. of Quantum Electron,</i> <b>3</b> (1967) 382.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403858&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. N. J. Dovichi and J. M. Harris, <i>Anal. Chem.</i> <b>51</b> (1979) 728.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403860&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. N. J. Dovichi and J. M. Harris, <i>Anal. Chem.</i> <b>53</b> (1980) 107.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403862&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. L. Rodriguez, J. F. C&aacute;rdenas&#45;Garc&iacute;a, and C. Costa Vera, <i>Opt. Lett.</i> <b>39</b> (2014) 3406.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403864&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. J. L. J. P&eacute;rez, R. G. Fuentes, J. F. S. Ram&iacute;rez, and A. C. Orea, <i>Eur. Phys. J.&#45;Spec. Top.</i> <b>153</b> (2008) 159.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403866&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. J. L. J. Perez <i>et al., Appl. Surf. Sci.</i> <b>255</b> (2008) 701.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403868&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. S. J. Sheldon, L. V. Knight, and J. M. Thorne, <i>Appl. Opt.</i> <b>21</b> (1982) 1663.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403870&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. W. B. Davenport Jr. and William L. Root, <i>Mcgraw&#45;Hill Book Company,</i> (Inc., New York&#45;Toronto&#45;London, 1958).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403872&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12. S. E. Bialkowski, Vol. 134, (John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., New York, 1996).</font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">13. S. M. S. Murshed, K.C. Leong, and C. Yang <i>J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.</i> <b>39</b> (2006) 5316.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403875&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">14. R. Guti&eacute;rrez Fuentes, J. F. S&aacute;nchez Ram&iacute;rez, J. L. Jim&eacute;nez P&eacute;rez, J. A. Pescador Rojas, E. Ram&oacute;n&#45;Gallegos, and A. Cruz&#45;Orea, <i>Int. J. Thermophys.</i> <b>28</b> (2007) 1048.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403877&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">15. D. G. Cahill, W. K. Ford, and K. E. Goodson, <i>J. Appl. Phys.</i> <b>93</b> (2003) 793.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403879&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">16. C. W. Nan, R. Birringer, and D. R. Clarke, <i>J. Appl. Phys.</i> <b>81</b> (1997) 6692.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8403881&pid=S0035-001X201500040001100015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whinnery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carbajal Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Orea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Thermophys.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>1182</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramirez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Fís.]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whinnery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dabby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE J. of Quantum Electron]]></source>
<year>1967</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>382</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dovichi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anal. Chem.]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>728</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dovichi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anal. Chem.]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Opt. Lett.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>3406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<page-range>159</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Surf. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>255</volume>
<page-range>701</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheldon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Appl. Opt.]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1663</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davenport Jr.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Root]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mcgraw-Hill Book Company]]></source>
<year>1958</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New YorkTorontoLondon ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murshed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>5316</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pescador Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramón-Gallegos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Orea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Thermophys.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1048</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cahill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>793</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Appl. Phys.]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<page-range>6692</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
