<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2014000300007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Optical characterization of amber of Chiapas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frausto-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A. C.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Leon Gto.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>221</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2014000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2014000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2014000300007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We show the refractive index value is a vulnerable test to discriminate true amber from false amber. In this sense, the fluorescence spectral signal is also a vulnerable test if the illuminating source has a broad spectral emission. We present results that allow us to conclude the Raman spectroscopy is a reliable test to distinguish amber of Chiapas from amber of the Baltic regions, and from false amber. We suggest the inclusion of the Raman spectroscopy to the Official Mexican Norm, NOM-152-SCFI-2003, to authenticate the amber of Chiapas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Mostramos que el valor del índice de refracción es una prueba vulnerable para discriminar ámbar verdadero de ámbar falso. En este sentido, la señal espectral fluorescente es también una prueba vulnerable si la fuente de iluminación posee un amplio espectro de emisión. Presentamos resultados que permiten concluir que la espectroscopia Raman es una prueba confiable para distinguir ámbar de Chiapas de ámbar de las regiones del Báltico o de ámbar falso. Se sugiere la incorporación de la espectroscopia Raman a la Norma Oficial Mexicana, NOM-152-SCFI-2003, para autentificar el ámbar de Chiapas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Optical properties of amber]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polarization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fluorescence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Raman spectroscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Propiedades (ópticas del ámbar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polarización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fluorescencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[espectroscopia Raman]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Research</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Optical characterization of amber of Chiapas</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>G. L&oacute;pez&#45;Morales, R. Espinosa&#45;Luna*, and C. Frausto&#45;Reyes</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Centro de Investigaciones en &Oacute;ptica, A. C. Loma del Bosque 115, Col. Lomas del Campestre, 37150 Leon, Gto., M&eacute;xico, *</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:reluna@cio.mx">reluna@cio.mx</a><a href="mailto:reluna@cio.mx"></a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 8 January 2014    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 	accepted 19 March 2014</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We show the refractive index value is a vulnerable test to discriminate true amber from false amber. In this sense, the fluorescence spectral signal is also a vulnerable test if the illuminating source has a broad spectral emission. We present results that allow us to conclude the Raman spectroscopy is a reliable test to distinguish amber of Chiapas from amber of the Baltic regions, and from false amber. We suggest the inclusion of the Raman spectroscopy to the Official Mexican Norm, NOM&#45;152&#45;SCFI&#45;2003, to authenticate the amber of Chiapas.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Optical properties of amber; polarization; fluorescence; Raman spectroscopy.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Mostramos que el valor del &iacute;ndice de refracci&oacute;n es una prueba vulnerable para discriminar &aacute;mbar verdadero de &aacute;mbar falso. En este sentido, la se&ntilde;al espectral fluorescente es tambi&eacute;n una prueba vulnerable si la fuente de iluminaci&oacute;n posee un amplio espectro de emisi&oacute;n. Presentamos resultados que permiten concluir que la espectroscopia Raman es una prueba confiable para distinguir &aacute;mbar de Chiapas de &aacute;mbar de las regiones del B&aacute;ltico o de &aacute;mbar falso. Se sugiere la incorporaci&oacute;n de la espectroscopia Raman a la Norma Oficial Mexicana, NOM&#45;152&#45;SCFI&#45;2003, para autentificar el &aacute;mbar de Chiapas.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Propiedades (&oacute;pticas del &aacute;mbar; polarizaci&oacute;n; fluorescencia; espectroscopia Raman.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 78.20.&#45;e; 42.25.Ja; 78.55.&#45;m; 87.64.kp</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v60n3/v60n3a7.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Authors acknowledge to Dr. Gabriel Ramos Ortiz for provide us with the experimental equipment to measure the fluorescence and to Dr. Sergio A. Calixto Carrera for the measurements of the refractive index with the Abbe refractometer. The research leading to these results has received funding from the CONACYT under grant agreement 100361.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1.&nbsp;M. A. Iturralde&#45;Vennet, <i>Caribbean Journal of Science</i> <b>37</b> (2001) 141&#45;167.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8438189&pid=S0035-001X201400030000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
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