Non linear optical properties of novel amphiphilic azo–polymers bearing well defined oligo (ethylene glycol) spacers
O.G. Morales–Saavedraª, T. Garcíab, C. Caicedob and E. Riverab
ª Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria México, D.F., 04510 México e–mail: omar.morales@ccadet.unam.mx
b Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria México D.F., 04510 México, FAX: (5255) 56 16 12 01; Tel: (5255) 56 22 47 33, e–mail: tutu_gt@yahoo.com.mx; carolina.caicedo@gmail.com; riverage@iim.unam.mx
Recibido el 5 de abril de 2010 ]]> Aceptado el 23 de septiembre de 2010
Abstract
Non linear optical (NLO) properties of a new series of pnPEGMAN polymers: p2PEGMAN or Poly[(E)–2–(2–(methyl(4–((4–nitrophenyl) diazenyl)phenyl) amino)ethoxy)ethyl methacrylate], p3PEGMAN or Poly[(E)–2–(2–(2–(methyl(4–((4–nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenyl) amino) ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl methacrylate], p4PEGMAN or Poly[(E)–2–(4–((4–nitrophenyl)diazenyl)phenyl)–5,8,11–trioxa–2–azatridecan–13–yl methacrylate] and p6PEGMAN or Poly[(E)–2–(4–((4–nitrophenyl) diazenyl) phenyl) –5,8,11,14,17–pentaoxa –2–azanonadecan –19–yl methacrylate] were studied by the Z–Scan technique. These azo–polymers exhibited high χ(3) NLO–responses with excitation below the resonance absorption region of the polymers and the evaluated n2–values are in the order of 10—4 to 10—5 esu, with negative sign for all the studied materials.
Keywords: Polymers; azobenzene; poly(ethylene glycol); optical properties.
Resumen
Las propiedades ópticas no lineales (ONL) de una nueva serie de polímeros pnPEGMAN: p2PEGMAN o poli[(E)–2–(2–(metil(4–((4–nitrofenil)diazenil)fenil) amino)etoxi)etilmetacrilato], p3PEGMAN o poli[(E)–2–(2–(2–(metil(4–((4–nitrofenil)diazenil)fenil)amino) etoxi) etoxi)etilmetacrilato], p4PEGMAN o poli[(E)–2–(4–((4–nitrofenil)diazenil)fenil)–5,8,11–trioxa–2–azatridecan–13–il metacrilato] y p6 PEGMAN o poly[(E)–2–(4–((4–nitrofenil) diazenil)fenil)–5,8,11,14,17–pentaoxa–2–azanonadecan –19–il metacrilato] fueron estudiadas mediante la técnica de Z–Scan. Estos azo–polímeros mostraron una alta respuesta de ONL del tipo χ(3)a una excitación por debajo de la zona de absorción de los polímeros y sus valores de n2 fueron evaluados en el orden de 10—4 a 10—5 esu, con signo negativo para todos los materiales estudiados.
Descriptores: Polímeros; azobenceno; poly(ethylene glycol); propiedades ópticas.
]]> PACS: 78.30.Jw; 78.20.–e; 74.25.Gz
DESCARGAR ARTÍCULO EN FORMATO PDF
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Miguel Canseco for his help with UV–vis spectroscopy. This project was financially supported by PAPIIT–DGAPA (Projects IN–105610). O.G. Morales–Saavedra acknowledges financial support from CONACyT (grant: 82808–F).
References
1. A. Natansohn and P. Rochon, Chem. Rev. 102 (2002) 4139. [ Links ]
]]>2. K. Ichimura, Chem. Rev. 100 (2000) 1847. [ Links ]
3. J.A. Delaire and K. Nakatani, Chem. Rev. 100 (2000) 1817. [ Links ]
4. C. Sourisseau, Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 3851. [ Links ]
5. S. Freiberg, F. Lagugné–Labarthet, P. Rochon, and A. Natansohn, Macromolecules 36 (2003) 2680. [ Links ]
6. H. Rau. In J.K. Rabek Editor, Photochemistry and photo–physics, Vol II. (Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; 1990). [ Links ]
]]>7. D.M. Shin, K.S. Schanze, and D.G. Whitten, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111 (1989) 8494. [ Links ]
8. E. Rivera, M. Belletête, A. Natansohn, and G. Durocher, Can. J. Chem. 81 (2003) 1076. [ Links ]
9. E. Rivera, M.P. Carreón–Castro, I. Buendía, and G. Cedillo, Dyes and Pigments 68 (2006) 217. [ Links ]
10. E. Rivera et al., Dyes and Pigments 74 (2007) 396. [ Links ]
11. X.H. He, H.L. Zhang, D.L. Yan, and X. Wang, J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem. 41 (2003) 2854. [ Links ]
]]>12. Y.Q. Tian, K. Watanabe, X.X. Kong, J. Abe, and T. Iyoda, Macromolecules 36 (2003) 39. [ Links ]
13. M. Saito, T. Shimomura, Y. Okumura, K. Ito, and R. Hayakawa,J. Chem. Phys. 114 (2001) 1. [ Links ]
14. T. Shimomura, T. Funaki, and K. Ito, J. Incl. Phenom. Macroc. Chem. 44 (2002) 275. [ Links ]
15. P.J. Zheng, C. Wang, X. Hu, K.C. Tam, and L. Li, Macromolecules 38 (2005) 2859. [ Links ]
16. X. Hu et al., Polymer 45 (2004) 6219. [ Links ]
]]>17. Y. Takashima, T. Nakayama, M. Miyauchi, and Y. Kawaguchi, Chem. Lett. 33 (2004) 890. [ Links ]
18. T. Ikeda, T. Ooya, and N. Yui, Polym. J. 31 (1999) 658. [ Links ]
19. C.H. Tung, L.Z. Wu, L.P. Zhang, and B. Chen, Acc. Chem. Res. 36 (2003) 39. [ Links ]
20. E. Rivera et al., Polymer 48 (2007) 3420. [ Links ]
21. X. Meng, A. Natansohn, P. Rochon, and C. Barrett, Macromolecules 26 (1996) 946. [ Links ]
]]>22. M. Sheik–Bahae, A.A. Said, and E.W. Van Stryland, Opt. Lett. 14 (1989) 955. [ Links ]
23. M. Sheik–Bahae, A.A. Said, T. Huei Wei, D.J. Hagan, and E.W. Van Stryland, IEEE J. Quant. Electr. 26 (1990) 760. [ Links ]
24. M. Mohebi et al., Proceeding SPIE 236 (1996) 3572. [ Links ]
25. T. García, M.P. Carreón–Castro, P. Ponce, M. Romero, and E. Rivera, Polym. Bull. (submitted) [ Links ]
26. M. Kasha, Radiat. Res. 20 (1963) 55. [ Links ]
27. G. Iftime, F. Lagugné–Labarthet, A. Natansohn, and P. Rochon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 (2000) 12646. [ Links ]
28. R. Rangel–Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 (1998) 1021. [ Links ]
29. J.C. Liang and X.Q. Zhou, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 22 (2005) 2468. [ Links ]
30. R. DeSalvo, R.M. Sheik–Bahae, A.A. Said, D.J. Hagan, and E.W. Van Stryland, Opt. Lett. 18 (1993) 194. [ Links ]
31. Z. Sekkat, D. Morichere, and M. Dumont, J. Appl. Phys. 71 (1992) 1543. [ Links ]
32. M. Muto, T. Kubo, Y. Kurokawa, and K. Suzuki, Thin Solid Films 322 (1998) 233. [ Links ]
33. H.S. Nalwa and S. Miyata, Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers (Boca Raton, Florida: CRS Press Inc; 1997). [ Links ]
34. R.L. Sutherland, Handbook of Nonlinear Optics (New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 2003). [ Links ]
35. Min Sun, Wenxiu Que, and X. Hu, Opt. Mat. 32 (2009) 49 [ Links ]
36. A.A. Rodríguez–Rosales, O.G. Morales–Saavedra, C.J. Román, and R. Ortega–Martínez, Opt. Mat. 31 (2008) 350. [ Links ]
37. V. Torres–Zúñiga et al., J. Mod. Opt. 57 (2010) 65. [ Links ]
]]>38. V. Torres–Zúñiga, O.G. Morales–Saavedra, E. Rivera, R.Castañeda–Guzmán, and R. Ortega–Martínez, J. Sol–Gel Sci. Tech. (In press, 2010, DOI: 10.1007/s10971–010–2265–y). [ Links ]
]]>