<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000800011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Focusing of acoustic waves by flat lenses made from negatively refracting two-dimensional phononic crystals]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deymier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merheb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasseur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sukhovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,The University of Arizona Department of Materials Science and Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tucson AZ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institut d'Electronique, de Micro-électronique et de Nanotechnologie  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Villeneuve d'Ascq ]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Manitoba Department of Physics and Astronomy ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Winnipeg Manitoba]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>74</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We investigate the phenomenon of imaging of elastic waves with flat lenses constituted of negatively refracting materials. We derive an analytical solution for the acoustic field produced by a point source near a flat lens composed of a homogeneous acoustic metamaterial (i.e. negative density and negative moduli) using the Green's function formalism of the Interface Response Theory. We then consider phononic crystals as a way of realizing negative refraction with materials possessing positive densities and moduli. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method is employed to investigate the properties of negative refraction and focusing of ultrasonic waves in a flat lens composed of a two-dimensional phononic crystal consisting of a triangular array of steel rods immersed in methanol. The flat lens is embedded in water. Focusing of the ultrasonic field emitted by a point source is analyzed with particular attention paid to the lateral resolution of the lens, i.e., the resolution along the direction parallel to the lens' surface. The FDTD image is compared to experimental measurements of the pressure amplitude field created by a similar source and lens. Agreements and differences between the calculated and measured images as well as resolutions are reported and discussed. The flow of energy in the phononic crystal lens is calculated and matched to a simple ray tracing analysis of negative refraction in a homogeneous negatively refracting medium.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Hemos investigado el fenómeno de imagen de ondas elásticas con lentes planos constituidos de materiales refractivos negativos. Derivamos una solución analítica para el campo acústico producido por una fuente puntual cercana a una lente plana compuesta de un metamaterial acústico homogéneo (es decir, un material con densidad y módulo negativos) usando el formalismo de la función de Green de la Teoría de Respuesta Interfacial. Después consideramos cristales fonónicos como una forma de obtener refracción negativa con materiales que poseen densidades y módulos positivos. El método de simulación de diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo (FDTD) es utilizado para investigar las propiedades de refracción negativa y enfocamiento de ondas ultrasónicas en una lente plana compuesta de un cristal fonónico bidimensional consistente de un arreglo triangular de barras de acero inmersas en metanol. La lente plana está inmersa en agua. El enfocamiento del campo ultrasónico emitido por una fuente puntual es analizado con atención particular a la resolución lateral de la lente, es decir, la resolución en la dirección paralela a la superficie de la lente. La imagen obtenida con el FDTD es comparada con las mediciones experimentales del campo de presiones creado por una fuente similar y una lente. Se reportan y discuten los acuerdos y las diferencias entre las imágenes calculadas y medidas así como las resoluciones. El flujo de energía en una lente de cristal fonónico es calculado y analizado como rayos de refracción negativa en un medio homogéneo refractivo negativo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ultrasonic waves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phononic crystals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[negative refraction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ondas ultrasónicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cristales fonónicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[refracción negativa]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Focusing of acoustic waves by flat lenses made from negatively refracting two&#150;dimensional phononic crystals</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>P. A. Deymier&ordf;, B. Merheb&ordf;, J.O. Vasseur<sup>b</sup>, A. Sukhovich<sup>c</sup> and J.H. Page<sup>c</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, </i><i>Tucson AZ 85721.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b </sup>Institut d'Electronique, de Micro&#150;&eacute;lectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS8520, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59652, France.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 20 de noviembre de 2007    <br> Aceptado el 5 de febrero de 2008</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We investigate the phenomenon of imaging of elastic waves with flat lenses constituted of negatively refracting materials. We derive an analytical solution for the acoustic field produced by a point source near a flat lens composed of a homogeneous acoustic metamaterial <i>(i.e. </i>negative density and negative moduli) using the Green's function formalism of the Interface Response Theory. We then consider phononic crystals as a way of realizing negative refraction with materials possessing positive densities and moduli. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation method is employed to investigate the properties of negative refraction and focusing of ultrasonic waves in a flat lens composed of a two&#150;dimensional phononic crystal consisting of a triangular array of steel rods immersed in methanol. The flat lens is embedded in water. Focusing of the ultrasonic field emitted by a point source is analyzed with particular attention paid to the lateral resolution of the lens, <i>i.e., </i>the resolution along the direction parallel to the lens' surface. The FDTD image is compared to experimental measurements of the pressure amplitude field created by a similar source and lens. Agreements and differences between the calculated and measured images as well as resolutions are reported and discussed. The flow of energy in the phononic crystal lens is calculated and matched to a simple ray tracing analysis of negative refraction in a homogeneous negatively refracting medium.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Ultrasonic waves; phononic crystals; negative refraction.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Hemos investigado el fen&oacute;meno de imagen de ondas el&aacute;sticas con lentes planos constituidos de materiales refractivos negativos. Derivamos una soluci&oacute;n anal&iacute;tica para el campo ac&uacute;stico producido por una fuente puntual cercana a una lente plana compuesta de un metamaterial ac&uacute;stico homog&eacute;neo (es decir, un material con densidad y m&oacute;dulo negativos) usando el formalismo de la funci&oacute;n de Green de la Teor&iacute;a de Respuesta Interfacial. Despu&eacute;s consideramos cristales fon&oacute;nicos como una forma de obtener refracci&oacute;n negativa con materiales que poseen densidades y m&oacute;dulos positivos. El m&eacute;todo de simulaci&oacute;n de diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo (FDTD) es utilizado para investigar las propiedades de refracci&oacute;n negativa y enfocamiento de ondas ultras&oacute;nicas en una lente plana compuesta de un cristal fon&oacute;nico bidimensional consistente de un arreglo triangular de barras de acero inmersas en metanol. La lente plana est&aacute; inmersa en agua. El enfocamiento del campo ultras&oacute;nico emitido por una fuente puntual es analizado con atenci&oacute;n particular a la resoluci&oacute;n lateral de la lente, es decir, la resoluci&oacute;n en la direcci&oacute;n paralela a la superficie de la lente. La imagen obtenida con el FDTD es comparada con las mediciones experimentales del campo de presiones creado por una fuente similar y una lente. Se reportan y discuten los acuerdos y las diferencias entre las im&aacute;genes calculadas y medidas as&iacute; como las resoluciones. El flujo de energ&iacute;a en una lente de cristal fon&oacute;nico es calculado y analizado como rayos de refracci&oacute;n negativa en un medio homog&eacute;neo refractivo negativo.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Ondas ultras&oacute;nicas; cristales fon&oacute;nicos; refracci&oacute;n negativa.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS:43.20.F1; 43.40.Fz</font></p>     ]]></body>
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<ref-list>
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<source><![CDATA[Sov. Phys. Usp.]]></source>
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