<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000300008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Laser frequency stabilization using fm optical pumping spectroscopy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Carlos López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Nacional de Metrología División de Tiempo y Frecuencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>222</fpage>
<lpage>228</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We show a novel method for laser stabilization using FM optical pumping spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams. This method uses a variation of FM saturation spectroscopy, where the saturation and probe beam are replaced by two laser beams with different frequencies. In this scheme, the probe beam is produced by a laser stabilized with FM saturation spectroscopy, whereas the saturation beam (pumping beam) is generated by a second laser, without any modulation. The spectra thus obtained lack the crossover lines and Doppler well that are characteristic of conventional saturation spectroscopy. We show the results in frequency stabilization of a laser diode using this technique and 133Cs, finding relative stability values of the same order of magnitude as other traditional stabilization techniques.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta un método novedoso para la estabilización de un láser empleando espectroscopia de bombeo óptico de FM con haces en contrapropagación. Este método emplea una variación de la espectroscopia de saturación, en donde el haz de prueba así como el haz de saturación son sustituidos por haces provenientes de dos láseres que emiten a distintas frecuencias. En este esquema, el haz de prueba es originado por un láser estabilizado por el método de espectroscopia de saturación de FM, mientras que el haz de saturación (de bombeo) proviene de un segundo láser, el cual se encuentra libre de modulación. Los espectros obtenidos de esta manera carecen de resonancias ficticias (crossover lines), así como de pozo Doppler, que son característicos de la espectroscopia de saturación convencional. Se muestran los resultados obtenidos en la estabilización en frecuencia de un diodo láser usando esta técnica en vapor de 133Cs, encontrándose valores de estabilidad comparables a otras técnicas de estabilización tradicionales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Saturation spectroscopy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[optical pumping]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[semiconductor laser stabilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Espectroscopia de saturación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bombeo óptico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estabilización de láseres semiconductores]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Laser frequency stabilization using fm optical pumping spectroscopy</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>E. de Carlos L&oacute;pez and J.M. L&oacute;pez Romero</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Divisi&oacute;n de Tiempo y Frecuencia, Centro Nacional de Metrolog&iacute;a, Km. 4.5 Carretera a los Cu&eacute;s, el Marqu&eacute;s Qro., C.P. 76241, M&eacute;xico,</i> e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:edlopez@cenam.mx">edlopez@cenam.mx</a>.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 6 de noviembre de 2007    <br>   Aceptado el 15 de abril de 2008</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We show a novel method for laser stabilization using FM optical pumping spectroscopy with counter&#150;propagating beams. This method uses a variation of FM saturation spectroscopy, where the saturation and probe beam are replaced by two laser beams with different frequencies. In this scheme, the probe beam is produced by a laser stabilized with FM saturation spectroscopy, whereas the saturation beam (pumping beam) is generated by a second laser, without any modulation. The spectra thus obtained lack the crossover lines and Doppler well that are characteristic of conventional saturation spectroscopy. We show the results in frequency stabilization of a laser diode using this technique and <sup>133</sup>Cs, finding relative stability values of the same order of magnitude as other traditional stabilization techniques.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Saturation spectroscopy; optical pumping; semiconductor laser stabilization.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presenta un m&eacute;todo novedoso para la estabilizaci&oacute;n de un l&aacute;ser empleando espectroscopia de bombeo &oacute;ptico de FM con haces en contrapropagaci&oacute;n. Este m&eacute;todo emplea una variaci&oacute;n de la espectroscopia de saturaci&oacute;n, en donde el haz de prueba as&iacute; como el haz de saturaci&oacute;n son sustituidos por haces provenientes de dos l&aacute;seres que emiten a distintas frecuencias. En este esquema, el haz de prueba es originado por un l&aacute;ser estabilizado por el m&eacute;todo de espectroscopia de saturaci&oacute;n de FM, mientras que el haz de saturaci&oacute;n (de bombeo) proviene de un segundo l&aacute;ser, el cual se encuentra libre de modulaci&oacute;n. Los espectros obtenidos de esta manera carecen de resonancias ficticias <i>(crossover lines), </i>as&iacute; como de pozo Doppler, que son caracter&iacute;sticos de la espectroscopia de saturaci&oacute;n convencional. Se muestran los resultados obtenidos en la estabilizaci&oacute;n en frecuencia de un diodo l&aacute;ser usando esta t&eacute;cnica en vapor de <sup>133</sup>Cs, encontr&aacute;ndose valores de estabilidad comparables a otras t&eacute;cnicas de estabilizaci&oacute;n tradicionales.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Espectroscopia de saturaci&oacute;n; bombeo &oacute;ptico; estabilizaci&oacute;n de l&aacute;seres semiconductores.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 32.30.Bv; 32.80.Bx; 32.70.Jz; 42.55.Px</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v54n3/v54n3a8.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a> </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Authors wish to acknowledge the support of the Centro Nacional de Metrolog&iacute;a, CENAM, in carrying out this work.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. <i>13a Conferencia General de Pesas y Medidas, </i>1967.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8345573&pid=S0035-001X200800030000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. 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