<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2007000500014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Geometric analysis of the null screens used for testing convex optical surfaces]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmona-Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ingeniería Coordinación de Ing. Mecánica, Térmica y Fluidos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico Laboratorio de Óptica Aplicada]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>421</fpage>
<lpage>430</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000500014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000500014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000500014&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[A geometric analysis of the screens used for testing convex optical surfaces is presented. Some properties of the transformation between the image plane and the screen plane, such as symmetry and magnification, are presented for the case when the reflecting surface is a sphere. Due to the intrinsic variations in the magnification, the geometric relationship between the image and the object shows some unexpected behavior. Two cases are analyzed in detail: i) a set of concentric circles centered on the origin of coordinates of the image plane with a set of radial straight lines; and ii) a square grid and a square array of circles of the same size.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta un analisis geométrico de las pantallas utilizadas para probar superficies ópticas convexas. Para el caso en el que la superficie reflectora es una esfera, se hace una revision de algunas propiedades de la transformación entre el plano de la imagen y el plano de la pantalla, tales como la simetría y la amplificacion. Debido a la variación intrínseca de la amplificación, la relación geométrica entre la imagen y el objeto muestra características inesperadas. Se analizan dos casos en detalle: i) un conjunto de círculos concentricos centrados en el origen de coordenadas del plano de la imagen con un conjunto de líneas radiales; y ii) una malla cuadrada y un arreglo cuadrado de círculos del mismo tamano.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Null screens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[convex optical surfaces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[testing of optical surfaces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pantallas nulas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[superficies ópticas convexas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pruebas ópticas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Instrumentaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Geometric analysis of the null screens used for testing convex optical surfaces</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>L. Carmona-Paredes&ordf; y R. D&iacute;az-Uribe<sup>b</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Coordinaci&oacute;n de Ing. Mec&aacute;nica, T&eacute;rmica y Fluidos, Instituto de Ingenier&iacute;a, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico, D.F. 04510,  e-mail: <a href="mailto:lcp@pumas.ii.unam.mx">lcp@pumas.ii.unam.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b </sup>Laboratorio de &Oacute;ptica Aplicada, Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnol&oacute;gico, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico, D.F. 04510, e-mail: <a href="mailto:rufino.diaz@ccadet. unam. mx">rufino.diaz@ccadet.unam.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 20 de junio de 2007    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   A ceptado el 30 de julio de 2007</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">A geometric analysis of the screens used for testing convex optical surfaces is presented. Some properties of the transformation between the image plane and the screen plane, such as symmetry and magnification, are presented for the case when the reflecting surface is a sphere. Due to the intrinsic variations in the magnification, the geometric relationship between the image and the object shows some unexpected behavior. Two cases are analyzed in detail: i) a set of concentric circles centered on the origin of coordinates of the image plane with a set of radial straight lines; and ii) a square grid and a square array of circles of the same size.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:  </b>Null screens; convex optical surfaces; testing of optical surfaces.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presenta un analisis geom&eacute;trico de las pantallas utilizadas para probar superficies &oacute;pticas convexas. Para el caso en el que la superficie reflectora es una esfera, se hace una revision de algunas propiedades de la transformaci&oacute;n entre el plano de la imagen y el plano de la pantalla, tales como la simetr&iacute;a y la amplificacion. Debido a la variaci&oacute;n intr&iacute;nseca de la amplificaci&oacute;n, la relaci&oacute;n geom&eacute;trica entre la imagen y el objeto muestra caracter&iacute;sticas inesperadas. Se analizan dos casos en detalle: i) un conjunto de c&iacute;rculos concentricos centrados en el origen de coordenadas del plano de la imagen con un conjunto de l&iacute;neas radiales; y ii) una malla cuadrada y un arreglo cuadrado de c&iacute;rculos del mismo tamano.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:  </b>Pantallas nulas; superficies &oacute;pticas convexas; pruebas &oacute;pticas. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 42.15.-i; 42.30.-d; 42.62.Eh; 42.87.-d</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v53n5/v53n5a14.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors of this paper are indebted to Neil Bruce for his help in revising the manuscript. This research was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a (CONACyT), M&eacute;xico, under Project No. U51114-F and by DGAPA-project PAPIIT No. ES-114507.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. R. D&iacute;az-Uribe and M. Campos-Garc&iacute;a, <i>Appl. Opt. </i><b>39 </b>(2000) 2670.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8334475&pid=S0035-001X200700050001400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. M. Campos-Garc&iacute;a, R. D&iacute;az-Uribe, and F. Granados-Agust&iacute;n, <i>Appl. 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