<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2006000800012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Suitability of the PLZTN 54/46 ceramic system for designing pulse-echo sensors]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durruthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.D]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peláiz-Barranco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Piñar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saniger Blesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,ICIMAF Centro de Ultrasónica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Univ. de la Habana Facultad de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Univ. Pol. de Madrid E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>36</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000800012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000800012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000800012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The present work aims at analyzing the influence of both Lanthanum (La) and Niobium (Nb) when simultaneously doping the PZT ceramic system with the same doping level (x). XRD, SEM, dielectric and piezoelectric measurements were carried out in order to characterize and analyze the suitability of these soft materials as pulse-echo sensors. An optimum doping level is found with best piezoelectric performance and merit figure d h g h for hydrophones.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia del dopaje simultáneo con Lantano (La) y Niobio (Nb) en el sistema cerámico PZT para iguales concentraciones de los dopantes (x). Difracción de Rayos X (DRX), Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) y mediciones dieléctricas y piezoelectricas fueron efectuadas para caracterizar el material y analizar la posible utilidad de estos cerámicos blandos como sensores pulso-eco. Se encontró un nivel óptimo de dopaje con la mejor respuesta piezoeléctrica y mejor figura de mérito d h g h para hidrófonos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PZT]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ferroelectricity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[piezoelectricity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soft ceramics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[PZT]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ferroelectricidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[piezoelectricidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ceramicos blandos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensores]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Suitability of the PLZTN 54/46 ceramic system for designing pulse&#150;echo sensors</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Su&aacute;rez&#150;G&oacute;mez&ordf;*, M.D. Durruthy&ordf;, A. Pel&aacute;iz&#150;Barranco<sup>b</sup>, F. Calder&oacute;n&#150;Pi&ntilde;ar <sup>b</sup>, J. De Frutos<sup>c</sup> and J.M. Saniger Blesa<sup>d</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i> &ordf; Centro de Ultras&oacute;nica, ICIMAF, Calle 15 #551 e/ C y D Vedado, C Habana 10400, Cuba</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> Facultad de F&iacute;sica/IMRE, San L&aacute;zaro y L, Univ. de la Habana, C Habana 10400, Cuba</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci&oacute;n, Univ. Pol. de Madrid, Ciudad Univ., Madrid 28040, Espa&ntilde;a</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>d</sup> Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnol&oacute;gico, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Circ. Exterior s/n, A.P. 70&#150;186 Ciudad Univ., C.P. 04510 M&eacute;xico D.F.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">* Corresponding author:<i>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> </i><a href="mailto:boomer@icmf.inf.cu">boomer@icmf.inf.cu</a><i>     <br> </i>Currently at: CCADET,     <br> Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico,     <br> Circuito Exterior s/n, A.P. 70&#150;186 Ciudad Universitaria,     <br> C.P. 04510 M&eacute;xico D.F.  </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 27 de octubre de 2004    <br> Aceptado el 25 de mayo de 2005</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The present work aims at analyzing the influence of both Lanthanum (La) and Niobium (Nb) when simultaneously doping the PZT ceramic system with the same doping level (x). XRD, SEM, dielectric and piezoelectric measurements were carried out in order to characterize and analyze the suitability of these soft materials as pulse&#150;echo sensors. An optimum doping level is found with best piezoelectric performance and merit figure d<i><sub>h</sub></i>g<i><sub>h</sub></i> for hydrophones.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>PZT; ferroelectricity; piezoelectricity; soft ceramics; sensors.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia del dopaje simult&aacute;neo con Lantano (La) y Niobio (Nb) en el sistema cer&aacute;mico PZT para iguales concentraciones de los dopantes (x). Difracci&oacute;n de Rayos X (DRX), Microscop&iacute;a Electr&oacute;nica de Barrido (MEB) y mediciones diel&eacute;ctricas y piezoelectricas fueron efectuadas para caracterizar el material y analizar la posible utilidad de estos cer&aacute;micos blandos como sensores pulso&#150;eco. Se encontr&oacute; un nivel &oacute;ptimo de dopaje con la mejor respuesta piezoel&eacute;ctrica y mejor figura de m&eacute;rito d<i><sub>h</sub></i>g<i><sub>h</sub></i> para hidr&oacute;fonos.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>PZT; ferroelectricidad; piezoelectricidad; ceramicos blandos; sensores.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 77.22.Ch; 77.65.Bn; 77.80.Bh; 77.84.Dy</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v52s2/v52s2a12.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a> </font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors are grateful for the support provided by CYTED (Project VIII.13), to the ICTP for the financial support of the Latin&#150;American Network of Ferroelectric Materials (NET&#150;43), and for funds provided through the CLAF/ICTP cooperative doctorate program. The authors also acknowledge the help and support provided by Dra. L. Ba&ntilde;os and Dr. A. Huanosta at IIM, UNAM, M&eacute;xico.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. L.E. Cross, <i>Ferroelectric Ceramics Birkh&auml;user Verlag Basel Boston London </i>(1993) 1.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8323901&pid=S0035-001X200600080001200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. Y. Xu, "Ferroelectric Materials and Their Applications", <i>Elsevier Science Publ. </i>(1991).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8323902&pid=S0035-001X200600080001200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. A. Su&aacute;rez&#150;G&oacute;mez, M.Sc. Thesis, (University of Havana, 2003).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8323903&pid=S0035-001X200600080001200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. M.K.V. Ramana <i>et al., Proc. 8<sup>th</sup> IEEE Int. Symp. On Appl. of Ferroelect </i>(1992) 500.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8323904&pid=S0035-001X200600080001200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. A. Pel&aacute;iz&#150;Barranco, Ph.D. Thesis, (University of Havana, 2001)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8323905&pid=S0035-001X200600080001200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. <i>IEEE Std. on Piezoelectricity, IEEE Trans. on Sonics and Ultr., </i><b>SU&#150;31</b> (1984) 47.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8323906&pid=S0035-001X200600080001200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
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