<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2006000400003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Failure probabilities associated with failure regions containing the origin: application to corroded pressurized pipelines]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alamilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[D.F. ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puebla Puebla]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Euroestudios S.A. de C.V.  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[D.F ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>315</fpage>
<lpage>321</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This work develops expressions to calculate failure probabilities associated with failure regions containing the expected value of random variables in the standard space (origin). These expressions are an extension based on the classical case that calculates failure probabilities associated with non-origin-containing failure regions. A simple form is established to know whether the failure region is origin- o non-origin-containing and to calculate the failure probability associated with the region in question. It is shown through an example of corroded pressurized pipelines that such an extension may be necessary to calculate failure probabilities in practical conditions. Reliability methods analyzed are FORM and directional simulation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo se desarrollan expresiones para calcular probabilidades de falla asociadas con regiones de falla que contienen al valor esperado de las variables aleatorias en el espacio estándar (origen). Estas expresiones son una extensión basada en el caso clásico que calcula probabilidades de falla asociadas con regiones de falla que no contienen al origen. Se establece una forma simple para conocer si la región de falla contiene ó no al origen y para calcular la probabilidad de falla asociada con la región en cuestión. Se muestra por medio de un ejemplo de ductos presurizados corroídos que tal extension puede ser necesaria para el cálculo de probabilidades de falla en condiciones prácticas. Se analiza la confiabilidad del sistema con los metodos FORM y de simulación direccionada.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Origin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reliability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure probability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure region]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[limit state function]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[failure pressure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corrosion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Origen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[confiabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probabilidad de falla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[región de falla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[función de estado límite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[presion de falla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrosión]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Failure probabilities associated with failure regions containing the origin: application to corroded pressurized pipelines</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>J.L. Alamilla<sup>a</sup>, J. Oliveros<sup>b</sup>, J. Garc&iacute;a&#150;Vargas<sup>c</sup>, and R. P&eacute;rez<sup>a</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>a Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Central Lazaro Cardenas, 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Gustavo A. Madero, 07730 D.F. M&eacute;xico, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:jalamill@imp.mx">jalamill@imp.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:rcamposp@imp.mx">rcamposp@imp.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>b Facultad de Ciencias F&iacute;sico&#150;Matem&aacute;ticas, Benem&eacute;rita Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, Ciudad Universitaria, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:oliveros@fcfm.buap.mx">oliveros@fcfm.buap.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>c Euroestudios S.A. de C.V., Gauss 9, 202, Nueva Anzures 11590 D.F, M&eacute;xico, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:garciavjaipn@yahoo.com.mx">garciavjaipn@yahoo.com.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 7 de julio de 2005    <br> Aceptado el 1 de agosto de 2006</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work develops expressions to calculate failure probabilities associated with failure regions containing the expected value of random variables in the standard space (origin). These expressions are an extension based on the classical case that calculates failure probabilities associated with non&#150;origin&#150;containing failure regions. A simple form is established to know whether the failure region is origin&#150; o non&#150;origin&#150;containing and to calculate the failure probability associated with the region in question. It is shown through an example of corroded pressurized pipelines that such an extension may be necessary to calculate failure probabilities in practical conditions. Reliability methods analyzed are FORM and directional simulation.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Origin; reliability; failure probability; failure region; limit state function; failure pressure; corrosion.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo se desarrollan expresiones para calcular probabilidades de falla asociadas con regiones de falla que contienen al valor esperado de las variables aleatorias en el espacio est&aacute;ndar (origen). Estas expresiones son una extensi&oacute;n basada en el caso cl&aacute;sico que calcula probabilidades de falla asociadas con regiones de falla que no contienen al origen. Se establece una forma simple para conocer si la regi&oacute;n de falla contiene &oacute; no al origen y para calcular la probabilidad de falla asociada con la regi&oacute;n en cuesti&oacute;n. Se muestra por medio de un ejemplo de ductos presurizados corro&iacute;dos que tal extension puede ser necesaria para el c&aacute;lculo de probabilidades de falla en condiciones pr&aacute;cticas. Se analiza la confiabilidad del sistema con los metodos FORM y de simulaci&oacute;n direccionada.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Origen; confiabilidad; probabilidad de falla; regi&oacute;n de falla; funci&oacute;n de estado l&iacute;mite; presion de falla; corrosi&oacute;n.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS:  89.20.Bb; 02.50.&#150;r</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v52n4/v52n4a3.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. H.O. Madsen, S. Krenk, and N.C. 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