<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2006000300015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[High signal-to-noise ratio wedges for oblique incidence in ultrasonic testing]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ley-Koo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mor. Cuernavaca]]></addr-line>
<country>MEXICO</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>295</fpage>
<lpage>300</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000300015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[It is experimentally shown that ultrasonic transmission through a column of couplant, with a thin film, at the end, produces greater amplitudes than through a piece of acrylic with the same length. This suggests the use of a wedge that could yield a greater signal-to-noise ratio than that of commercial wedges involved in oblique incidence ultrasonic inspection. The suggestion has been pursued, and the effects: on a weld are presented.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se muestra experimentalmente que la transmisión de ultrasonido a través de una columna de acoplante, rematada con una película delgada, conduce a una amplitud mayor que aquella a través de una pieza de acrílico de la misma longitud. Esto sugiere la elaboración de una zapata que permita tener una razón señal-ruido mayor que aquella que proporcionan las zapatas comerciales utilizadas en la inspección con ultrasonido a incidencia oblicua. Siguiendo esta sugerencia se ha elaborado una zapata y se muestran los resultados de su uso en una placa soldada.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oblique incidence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wedges]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultrasonics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transmission]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reflection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Incidencia oblicua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zapatas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultrasonido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transmisión reflexión]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Instrumentaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>High signal&#150;to&#150;noise ratio wedges for oblique incidence in ultrasonic testing</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>M. Ley&#150;Koo and S. Salazar&#150;Cruz</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de Investigaciones El&eacute;ctricas, Avenida Reforma 113, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62490 MEXICO.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 16 de marzo de 2006    <br>   Aceptado el 17 de abril de 2006</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">It is experimentally shown that ultrasonic transmission through a column of couplant, with a thin film, at the end, produces greater amplitudes than through a piece of acrylic with the same length. This suggests the use of a wedge that could yield a greater signal&#150;to&#150;noise ratio than that of commercial wedges involved in oblique incidence ultrasonic inspection. The suggestion has been pursued, and the effects: on a weld are presented.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Oblique incidence; wedges; ultrasonics; transmission; reflection.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se muestra experimentalmente que la transmisi&oacute;n de ultrasonido a trav&eacute;s de una columna de acoplante, rematada con una pel&iacute;cula delgada, conduce a una amplitud mayor que aquella a trav&eacute;s de una pieza de acr&iacute;lico de la misma longitud. Esto sugiere la elaboraci&oacute;n de una zapata que permita tener una raz&oacute;n se&ntilde;al&#150;ruido mayor que aquella que proporcionan las zapatas comerciales utilizadas en la inspecci&oacute;n con ultrasonido a incidencia oblicua. Siguiendo esta sugerencia se ha elaborado una zapata y se muestran los resultados de su uso en una placa soldada.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Incidencia oblicua; zapatas; ultrasonido; transmisi&oacute;n reflexi&oacute;n.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 81.70.Cv; 74.25.Ld</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v52n3/v52n3a15.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">One of the authors (M. L&#150;K) wishes to acknowledge the partial financial support of the Sistema Nacional de Investigadores as well as very useful comments by L. Medina&#150;Gomez of the IIMAS&#150;UNAM.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. B.A. Auld, <i>Acoustic fields and waves in solids, Vol. II </i>and references contained therein, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1973).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318103&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. A.B. Bhatia, <i>Ultrasonic absorption:   An introduction to the theory of sound absorption and dispersion in gases,  liquids </i><i>and solids </i>and references contained therein, Oxford University Press, (1967).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318104&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. M.C. Bhardwaj, <i>High transduction piezoelectric transducers and introduction of non&#150;contact analysis, </i>e&#150;J. of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2000).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318105&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. M.C. Bhardwaj, <i>Non&#150;contact air coupled ultrasonic analysis: Introduction to transducers, analytical systems, and applications, </i>e&#150;J. of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 6, No. 4 (2001).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318106&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. J. Buckley, <i>Air&#150;coupled ultrasound&#150; A millenial review, </i>15 World Conference on NDT, Rome (2000).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318107&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. L. Lynnworth, <i>Ultrasonic measurements for process control </i>and references contained therein, Academic Press (1989).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318108&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. L. W. Schmerr, <i>Fundamentals of Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation, </i>Plenum Press (1998)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318109&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. L.M. Brekhovskikh and O.A. Godin, <i>Acoustics of layered media I, </i>Springer Series on Wave Phenomena, Vol. 5, Springer (1998)</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8318110&pid=S0035-001X200600030001500008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
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