<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2003000400016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ondas gravitatorias]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazkoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valiente Kroon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del País Vasco Fisika Teorikoaren eta Zientziaren Historiaren Saila ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bilbao Vizcaya]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Wien Institut für Theoretische Physik ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Viena ]]></addr-line>
<country>Austria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>384</fpage>
<lpage>390</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El presente artículo provee una discusión a nivel elemental de la física de las ondas gravitatorias. No requiere un conocimiento previo de relatividad general. Tras una introducción conceptual a la teoría de la gravitación de Einstein, se discute la noción de onda gravitatoria como la propagación de perturbaciones del espacio-tiempo. Dichas perturbaciones dan origen a oscilaciones en las fuerzas de marea. Las ondas gravitatorias poseen ciertas características que las diferencian de las ondas electromagnéticas: no satisfacen el principio de superposición, es decir, son no lineales; y requieren cierto grado de asimetría para ser producidas -no existen ondas gravitatorias esféricas-. La radiación gravitatoria provee información de tipo global sobre la fuente que la produce. De ahí que grandes esfuerzos hayan sido dedicados a construir dispositivos capaces de poderla detectar. Es de esperar que las primeras detecciones ocurran en los próximos diez años, y que ello abra una nueva ventana en la astronomía.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The following article provides an elementary introduction to the phenomena of gravitational waves. It does not requires a prior knowledge of the theory of General Relativity. The article starts with an elementary introduction to Einstein's theory of gravity. Along these lines, gravitational waves are introduced as an effect of the propagation of perturbations of spacetime. These perturbations give rise to variations in the tidal forces. Gravitational waves differ from their electromagnetic counterparts in several ways: they are non-linear and require certain asymmetry in the sources in order to be produced -there are for example, no spherical gravitational waves-. Gravitational waves provide a very peculiar information about the sources . Thus, a great deal of effort has been invested in order to detect them. It is to be expected that the first detections will take place within the next ten years, and that they will open a new window for Astronomy.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ondas gravitatorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[detección]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gravitational waves]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[production]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[detection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[education]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ense&ntilde;anza</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Ondas gravitatorias</b></font></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>R. Lazkoz<sup>1</sup>, J.A. Valiente Kroon<sup>2</sup></b></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Fisika Teorikoaren eta Zientziaren Historiaren Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 644 Posta Kutxatila, 48080 Bilbao, Espa&ntilde;a.</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:wtplasar@lg.ehu.es">wtplasar@lg.ehu.es</a></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Institut f&uuml;r Theoretische Physik, Universit&auml;t Wien, Boltzmanngasse 9, 1090 Viena, Austria.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 31 de enero de 2003.     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>   Aceptado el 11 de abril de 2003.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El presente art&iacute;culo provee una discusi&oacute;n a nivel elemental de la f&iacute;sica de las ondas gravitatorias. No requiere un conocimiento previo de relatividad general. Tras una introducci&oacute;n conceptual a la teor&iacute;a de la gravitaci&oacute;n de Einstein, se discute la noci&oacute;n de onda gravitatoria como la propagaci&oacute;n de perturbaciones del espacio&#45;tiempo. Dichas perturbaciones dan origen a oscilaciones en las fuerzas de marea. Las ondas gravitatorias poseen ciertas caracter&iacute;sticas que las diferencian de las ondas electromagn&eacute;ticas: no satisfacen el principio de superposici&oacute;n, es decir, son no lineales; y requieren cierto grado de asimetr&iacute;a para ser producidas &#45;no existen ondas gravitatorias esf&eacute;ricas&#45;. La radiaci&oacute;n gravitatoria provee informaci&oacute;n de tipo global sobre la fuente que la produce. De ah&iacute; que grandes esfuerzos hayan sido dedicados a construir dispositivos capaces de poderla detectar. Es de esperar que las primeras detecciones ocurran en los pr&oacute;ximos diez a&ntilde;os, y que ello abra una nueva ventana en la astronom&iacute;a.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Ondas gravitatorias; producci&oacute;n; detecci&oacute;n; educaci&oacute;n.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The following article provides an elementary introduction to the phenomena of gravitational waves. It does not requires a prior knowledge of the theory of General Relativity. The article starts with an elementary introduction to Einstein's theory of gravity. Along these lines, gravitational waves are introduced as an effect of the propagation of perturbations of spacetime. These perturbations give rise to variations in the tidal forces. Gravitational waves differ from their electromagnetic counterparts in several ways: they are non&#45;linear and require certain asymmetry in the sources in order to be produced &#45;there are for example, no spherical gravitational waves&#45;. Gravitational waves provide a very peculiar information about the sources . Thus, a great deal of effort has been invested in order to detect them. It is to be expected that the first detections will take place within the next ten years, and that they will open a new window for Astronomy.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Gravitational waves; production; detection; education.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 01.30.r, 04.40.&#45;w, 04.80.Nn</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v49n4/v49n4a16.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Agradecimientos</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Queremos dar las gracias a Ra&uacute;l P&eacute;rez&#45;S&aacute;ez, por ayudarnos con las representaciones gr&aacute;ficas, y a Bonnie Wascom del proyecto LIGO, por proporcionamos la fotograf&iacute;a. El trabajo de Ruth Lazkoz se ha llevado a cabo gracias a la ayuda financiera del Gobierno Vasco a trav&eacute;s de la beca BFI01.412.</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias bibliogr&aacute;ficas</b></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. S. Hacyan, <i>Relatividad para principiantes,</i> Colecci&oacute;n la Ciencia desde M&eacute;xico, (Fondo de Cultura Econ&oacute;mica, M&eacute;xico, 2000).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295705&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. S. Hacyan, <i>Los hoyos negros y la curvatura del espacio&#45;tiempo.</i> Colecci&oacute;n la Ciencia desde M&eacute;xico, (Fondo de Cultura Econ&oacute;mica, M&eacute;xico, 1998).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295707&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. J. Flores, <i>La gran ilusi&oacute;n III: las ondas gravitacionales.</i> Colecci&oacute;n la Ciencia desde M&eacute;xico, (Fondo de Cultura Econ&oacute;mica, M&eacute;xico, 1997).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295709&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. P.C.W. Davies. <i>The search for gravity waves.</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1980).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295711&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. R. Feyman, R.B. Leighton y M. Sands, <i>Lectures on Physics,</i> Vol. II (Addison&#45;Wesley, 1964).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295713&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. C.M. Will, <i>The renaissance</i> <i>of</i> <i>General Relativity</i> en The New Physics, P.C.W. Davies (ed.) (Cambridge University Press).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295715&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. B.F. Schutz. <i>Gravitational Radiation</i> Por aparecer en <i>Encyclopedia</i> <i>of</i> <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics.</i> Se puede conseguir en internet, gr&#45;qc/0003069.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295717&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. B.F. Schutz, <i>Class. Quantum Grav.</i> 16 (1999) A131. gr&#45;qc/9911034.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295719&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. B.F. Schutz. "Lighthouses of gravitational wave astronomy"Por aparecer en las actas de la conferencia <i>Lighthouses</i> <i>of</i> <i>the Universe, Garching,</i> agosto del 2001, gr&#45;qc/0111095.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295721&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. R. D'Inverno. <i>Introducing Einstein's Relativity</i> (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295723&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. C.W. Misner, K.S. Thorne y J.A. Wheeler, <i>Gravitation</i> (Freeman, 1973).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8295725&pid=S0035-001X200300040001600011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12. J. Pullin, editor, <a href="http://www.phys.lsu.edu/mog" target="_blank">http://www.phys.lsu.edu/mog</a>.</font></p>     ]]></body>
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