<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2002000400006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Stationary processes and equilibrium states in non-symmetric neural networks]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora Departamento de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mëxico Centro de Ciencias de la Materia Condensada Departamento de Física Teórica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>310</fpage>
<lpage>316</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2002000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2002000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2002000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Stationary processes and equilibrium states are discussed in finite separable recurrent neural networks with sequential dynamics and away from saturation. We describe thermal fluctuations of the dynamical order parameters originated as finite size effects of order O N-1/2 by means of their corresponding Fokker-Planck equation, and find their time dependent probability distribution. We introduce the concept of extended entropy of fluctuations in order to find a general condition to characterize stationary states in Neural Networks with non symmetric interactions. Divergence and rotational of the probability current in the space of fluctuations are also used to differentiate between stationary and equilibrium states. Besides, algebraic conditions are found to know when stationary states can exist. The results are illustrated by analyzing a neural network with a macroscopic dynamical fixed point but not satisfying detailed balance at microscopic level.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se discuten los procesos estacionarios y los estados de equilibrio en redes neuronales recurrentes, finitas y separables, con dinámica secuencial y muy lejos de la saturación. Por medio de la correspondiente ecuación de Fokker-Planck, describimos las fluctuaciones térmicas de la dinámica de los parámetros de orden, originadas como efectos de tamaño finito de orden (N-1/2) y encontramos la distribución de probabilidad dependiente del tiempo. Introducimos el concepto de entropía extendida de las fluctuaciones para encontrar una condición general que caracterice los estados estacionarios en Redes Neuronales con interacciones no simétricas. También se utilizan la divergencia y el rotacional de la corriente de probabilidad en el espacio de fluctuaciones para diferenciar entre estados estacionarios y de equilibrio. Además, se encuentran las condiciones algebraicas para saber cuando pueden existir los estados estacionarios. Los resultados son ilustrados mediante el análisis de una red neuronal con un punto fijo en la dinámica macroscópica pero que no satisface el balance detallado a nivel microscópico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Statistical physics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neural networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fuzzy logic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[artificial intelligence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stochastic processes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[probability theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stochastic processes and statistics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Física estadística]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[termodinámica y sistemas dinámicos no lineales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes neuronales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lógica difusa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inteligencia artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[procesos estocásticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría de la probabilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[procesos estocásticos y estadística]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Stationary processes and equilibrium states in non&#45;symmetric neural networks</b></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Castellanos<sup>1</sup> and L. Viana<sup>2</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Universidad de Sonora Apdo. Post. 1626, Hermosillo 83000, Son. M&eacute;xico.</i> <a href="mailto:acastell@fisica.uson.mx">acastell@fisica.uson.mx</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>2</sup> <i>Depto. de F&iacute;sica Te&oacute;rica, CCMC&#45;UNAM Apdo. Post. 2681, 22800 Ensenada B.C., M&eacute;xico.</i> <a href="mailto:laura@ccmc.unam.mx">laura@ccmc.unam.mx</a></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 9 de noviembre de 2001.    <br> 	Aceptado el 4 de abril de 2002.</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Stationary processes and equilibrium states are discussed in finite separable recurrent neural networks with sequential dynamics and away from saturation. We describe thermal fluctuations of the dynamical order parameters originated as finite size effects of order <i>O N<sup>&#45;1/2</sup></i> by means of their corresponding Fokker&#45;Planck equation, and find their time dependent probability distribution. We introduce the concept of extended entropy of fluctuations in order to find a general condition to characterize stationary states in Neural Networks with non symmetric interactions. Divergence and rotational of the probability current in the space of fluctuations are also used to differentiate between stationary and equilibrium states. Besides, algebraic conditions are found to know when stationary states can exist. The results are illustrated by analyzing a neural network with a macroscopic dynamical fixed point but not satisfying detailed balance at microscopic level.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Statistical physics; thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamical systems; neural networks; fuzzy logic; artificial intelligence; stochastic processes; probability theory; stochastic processes and statistics.</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se discuten los procesos estacionarios y los estados de equilibrio en redes neuronales recurrentes, finitas y separables, con din&aacute;mica secuencial y muy lejos de la saturaci&oacute;n. Por medio de la correspondiente ecuaci&oacute;n de Fokker&#45;Planck, describimos las fluctuaciones t<i>&eacute;</i>rmicas de la din&aacute;mica de los par&aacute;metros de orden, originadas como efectos de tama&ntilde;o finito de orden (N<sup>&#45;1/2</sup>) y encontramos la distribuci&oacute;n de probabilidad dependiente del tiempo. Introducimos el concepto de entrop&iacute;a extendida de las fluctuaciones para encontrar una condici&oacute;n general que caracterice los estados estacionarios en Redes Neuronales con interacciones no sim&eacute;tricas. Tambi&eacute;n se utilizan la divergencia y el rotacional de la corriente de probabilidad en el espacio de fluctuaciones para diferenciar entre estados estacionarios y de equilibrio. Adem&aacute;s, se encuentran las condiciones algebraicas para saber cuando pueden existir los estados estacionarios. Los resultados son ilustrados mediante el an&aacute;lisis de una red neuronal con un punto fijo en la din&aacute;mica macrosc&oacute;pica pero que no satisface el balance detallado a nivel microsc&oacute;pico.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> F&iacute;sica estad&iacute;stica; termodin&aacute;mica y sistemas din&aacute;micos no lineales; redes neuronales; l&oacute;gica difusa; inteligencia artificial; procesos estoc&aacute;sticos; teor&iacute;a de la probabilidad; procesos estoc&aacute;sticos y estad&iacute;stica.</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 05.; 07.05.Mh; 02.50.Ey; 02.50.&#45;r</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v48n4/v48n4a6.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was partially supported by grant DGAPA IN123098 (UNAM).</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. A. C. C. Coolen and D. Sherrington, in <i>Mathematical Approaches to Neural Networks,</i> ed. 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